This paper presents the construction of a novel representation of gray-level shape called the scale-spectrum space, which makes both spatial frequency channels of speciic importance (concerning spectrum information being isolated) as well as signiicant scale levels from the viewpoint of these spectrum bands explicit. In scale-space representation, where the gray-level shape is generally compris...

In this paper, error-correction coding (ECC) in Gray codes is considered and its performance in the protecting of spatial image watermarks against lossy data compression is demonstrated. For this purpose, the differences between bit patterns of two Gray codewords are analyzed in detail. On the basis of the properties, a method for encoding watermark bits in the Gray codewords that represent sig...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been linked with cognitive decline and dementia in several studies. CHD is strongly associated with blood pressure, but it is not clear how blood pressure levels or changes in blood pressure over time affect the relation between CHD and dementia-related pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between CHD and cortical thickness, gray matter ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate prefrontal cortex (PFC) volumes in youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and explore the relationship between cortisol secretion and PFC volumes. METHODS Total brain tissue volumes, segmented areas of the PFC, and diurnal cortisol secretion were examined in a sample of 33 youth aged 10 to 16 years. Cerebral volumes were availab...

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether neuronal injury begins during acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and whether immediate initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prevents neuronal injury. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NFL), a measure of axonal injury, was assessed before and after cART initiation in individuals starting treatment d...

Root perforation represents an undesirable complication that may lead to an unfavorable prognosis. The aims of this study were to characterize and to compare the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) on the chemical composition of materials used for root perforation therapy: gray and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC), gray MTA+5%CaO and gray MTA+10%CaO. The last two mate...

the paper analyses issues leading to errors in graphic object classifiers. thedistance measures suggested in literature and used as a basis in traditional, fuzzy, andneuro-fuzzy classifiers are found to be not suitable for classification of non-stylized orfuzzy objects in which the features of classes are much more difficult to recognize becauseof significant uncertainties in their location and...

We define and study holelike excitations (the Lieb II mode) in a weakly interacting Bose liquid subject to external confinement. These excitations are obtained by semiclassical quantization of gray solitons propagating on top of a Thomas-Fermi background. Radiation of phonons by an accelerated gray soliton leads to a finite lifetime of these excitations. It is shown that, for a large number of ...

A nonparametric and unsupervised method ofautomatic threshold selection for picture segmentation is presented. An optimal threshold is selected by the discriminant criterion, namely, so as to maximize the separability of the resultant classes in gray levels. The procedure is very simple, utilizing only the zerothand the first-order cumulative moments of the gray-level histogram. It is straightf...