inverse modeling is one of the most elegant geophysical tools for obtaining 2-d and 3-d images of geological structure. determination of the geometry of bedrock, by nonlinear inverse modeling of gravity data, is the aim of this paper. the algorithm uses a nonlinear iterative procedure for simulation of bedrock geometry. at the first step, the nonlinear problem changes to a linear problem by a p...

hydrothermal treatment of wood material products with many interesting properties such as enhanced dimensional stability, lower equilibrium moisture content and increased biological durability. the effects of hydrothermal treatment on dimensional stability, oven dry density and water absorption of beech wood (fagus orientalis) naturally grown, has been studied in present research that extremely...

Gravity gradient data are currently enjoying a boost in popularity as their usefulness in both structural and stratigraphic petroleum exploration is re-discovered (i.e. Pawlowski, 1998) and as their use in mineral exploration is rapidly expanding. Gravity gradiometry’s ability to reject common-mode noise, directly measure quantities that must be calculated from potentially noisy data with stand...

abstract the use of geophysical methods, before digging, can be effective in the archaeological explorations. in the meantime, the gravimetery is the one of the most widely methods that be use, due to lack of harmful environmental effects. the gravity method is based on density contrast between the anomalous body and the country rocks or around of them. for archeology studying, the target is de...

height is amongst the most delicate subjects of geodesy. thanks to the global navigation satellite systems (gnss) like gps or glonass, 3d point positioning of points, by geometrical positioning, since years ago has become a common practice. the height derived from these ways has a geometrical concept. in civil projects the physical concept of the height is more demanded. orthometric height, , i...

Accurate prediction of soil moisture in a land surface model (LSM) is critical in improving land surface and atmosphere interactions in the atmospheric general circulation models used in numerical weather prediction and global climate models. Gravity is a relatively new source of remotely sensed data, available since the launch of the twin Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satelli...