We review the foundations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, discuss recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity, and present motivations for new generation of high-accuracy gravitational experiments. We discuss the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics anticipated in the near future and evaluate discovery potential of the recently proposed gravitational experim...

We consider the scattering of the gravitational waves by the weak gravitational fields of lens objects. We obtain the scattered gravitational waveform by treating the gravitational potential of the lens to first order, i.e. the Born approximation. We find that the effect of scattering on the waveform is roughly given by the Schwartzchild radius of the lens divided by the wavelength of gravitati...

LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory The LIGO Scientific Collaboration The goal of the Laser Interferometric Gravitational-WaveObservatory (LIGO) is to detect and study gravitational waves of astrophysical origin. Direct detection of gravitational waves holds the promise of testing general relativity in the strong-field limit, of providing a new probe of exotic objects ...

The majority of nearby early-type galaxies contains detectable amounts of emission-line gas at their centers. The emission-line ratios and gas kinematics potentially form a valuable diagnostic of the nuclear activity and gravitational potential well. The observed central gas velocity dispersion often exceeds the stellar velocity dispersion. This could be due to either the gravitational potentia...

The running coupling constants (in particular, the gravitational one) are studied in asymptotically free GUTs and in finite GUTs in curved spacetime, with explicit examples. The running gravitational coupling is used to calculate the leading quantum GUT corrections to the Newtonian potential, which turn out to be of logarithmic form in asymptotically free GUTs. A comparison with the effective t...

In this paper an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly is given, using the hypothesis of the time dependent gravitational potential. The implications of this hypothesis on the planetary orbits and orbital periods are given in section 2. In sections 3 and 4 we give a detailed explanation of the Pioneer anomaly, which corresponds to the observed phenomena. Subject headings: Pioneer anomaly, Hubble c...

The potential theory comes from mathematical physics, in particular, from electrostatic and gravitational problems and finds their applications in the probability theory, scattering theory, biological systems and many other branches of science. During the last century the classical potential theory and the non-linear potential theory has occupied an important place in mathematics. We present th...

In Brans–Dicke theory the Universe becomes divided after inflation into many exponentially large domains with different values of the effective gravitational constant. Such a process can be described by diffusion equations for the probability of finding a certain value of the inflaton and dilaton fields in a physical volume of the Universe. For a typical chaotic inflation potential, the solutio...

We investigate the possibility that dark energy does not couple to gravitation in the same way as ordinary matter, yielding a violation of the weak and strong equivalence principles on cosmological scales. We build a transient mechanism in which gravitation is pushed away from general relativity by a Born-Infeld gauge interaction acting as an abnormally weighting (dark) energy. This mechanism a...