Artificial fill (Holocene)—Mud, sand, and gravel of varying proportions, possibly including foreign debris such as concrete, logs, timbers, or brick. Used for highway roadbeds and other construction. Thickness generally greater than 2 m. Mapped where fill substantially obscures or has altered original geologic deposit. Beach deposits (Holocene)—Soft sand, silt, and mud deposited or reworked by ...

This study deals with the dairy wastewater treatment using laboratory scale vertical flow (VF) constructed wetlands <i>Canna indica</i> plantation over wetland beds due to phytoremediation capabilities. Three VF CWs (CW-A, CW-B and CW-C) each an area of 0.135 m2 filled gravel (CW-A: 20 mm; CW-B:10 mm gravel) sand (CW-C) receiving 0.04 m3 d-1 were operated for purification. Each unit...

Bed elevation, feature adjustments, and spawning use were monitored at three Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) spawning habitat rehabilitation sites to measure project longevity in a regulated river. Sites enhanced with 649–1323 m of gravel lost from 3–20% of remaining gravel volume annually during controlled flows of 8–70 m/s and 2.6–4.6% of placed material during a short-duration (19...

A 0.9 km-reach of Uvas Creek, California, was reconstructed as a sinuous, meandering channel in November 1995. In February 1996, this new channel washed out. We reviewed project documents to determine the basis for the project design and conducted our own historical geomorphological study to understand the processes operating in the catchment and project reach. The project was designed using a ...

Article Type: Full Length Research Article The aim of this investigation was to confirm a trickling filter filled with gravel as an alternative biological process over conventional high cost treatment process with regard to nutrient reduction from brewery wastewater. Steady state evaluation of the trickling filter aerobic and anaerobic biofilm system for nutrient removal was made. The results o...

Estimating the amount of material without significant losses at end hybrid casting is a problem addressed in this study. To minimize manufacturing costs and improve accuracy results, correction factor (CF) was used formula to estimate volume percent order reduce during sample stage, allowing for greater confidence between approved blending plan results obtained. In context, three mixing schemes...

Two controlled flow events were generated by releasing water from a reservoir into the Olewiger Bach, located near Trier, Germany. This controlled release of near bank-full flows allowed an investigation of the fine sediment (<63 μm) mobilized from channel storage. Both a winter (November) and a summer (June) release event were generated, each having very different antecedent flow conditions. T...

Nonglacial deposits Artificial fill (Holocene)—Mud, sand, and gravel of varying proportions, possibly including foreign debris such as concrete, logs, timbers, or brick. Used for highway roadbeds and other construction. Thickness generally greater than 2 m. Mapped where fill substantially obscures or has altered original geologic deposit. Beach deposits (Holocene)—Soft sand, silt, and mud depos...

The relation between the equivalent roughness and different grain size percentiles of the sediment in gravel-bed rivers was determined under the hypothesis that the vertical distribution of the flow velocity follows a logarithmic law. A set of 954 data points was selected from rivers with gravel size sediment or larger, with a non-sinuous alignment and free of vegetation or obstacles. According...

Bedload sheets are low-amplitude bedforms the are formed by sorting patterns in mixed-size sediment (gravel or gravel-sand mixtures). The features have been functionally linked to dune forms developed in sandy sediments and gravel dunes formed in river channels. There have been a number of attempts to place bedload sheets on extended versions of the bedform phase diagrams used to predict sand b...