This study focuses on the identification of grammatical structures that could serve as indices of the grammatical ability of non-native speakers of English. We obtain parse trees of manually transcribed non-native spoken responses using a statistical constituency parser and evaluate its performance on noisy sentences. We then use the parse trees to identify the grammatical structures of the Ind...

In parasitic-gap constructions an illicit gap inside a syntactic island becomes acceptable in combination with an additional licit gap, a result that has interesting implications for theories of grammar. Such constructions hold even greater interest for the question of the relation between grammatical knowledge and real-time language processing. This article presents results from two experiment...

It is commonly held that implicit knowledge expresses itself as fluency. A perceptual clarification task was used to examine the relationship between perceptual processing fluency, subjective familiarity, and grammaticality judgments in a task frequently used to produce implicit knowledge, artificial grammar learning (AGL). Four experiments examined the effects of naturally occurring difference...

Binding principles delimit the relative positioning of anaphors and their admissible antecedents in grammatical structure. These principles stem from quite cogent empirical generalizations and exhibit a universal character, given the hypothesis of their parameterized validity across natural languages. Their mutual relations involve non-trivial cross symmetry, lending them a modular shape and pr...

It is commonly held that implicit knowledge expresses itself as fluency. A perceptual clarification task was used to examine the relationship between perceptual processing fluency, subjective familiarity, and grammaticality judgments in a task frequently used to produce implicit knowledge, artificial grammar learning (AGL). Four experiments examined the effects of naturally occurring difference...

Consumers' food choices play a crucial role in the shift toward increased sustainability. However, consumers' knowledge about daily items is not sufficient to evoke environmentally friendly choices. To facilitate towards more sustainable consumption, providing understandable information environmental impact of products an easily accessible and effective way seems be promising. With this outcome...

Urbanization processes are manifested by the change in physical morphology of cities. Gaining knowledge about cities through their is naturally linked to capability remote sensing (RS) that can monitor city forms with a synoptic view. Yet, our urban form does not linearly increase image data. Thus, role, challenges and potentials RS deriving worth investigating. We argue ongoing efforts mapping...

The paper deals with the problem of text generation and planning approaches making only limited formally specifiable contact with accounts of grammar. We propose an enhancement of a systemically-based generation architecture for German [Bateman et al., 1991] by aspects of the theory of semantic emphasis [Kunze, 1991]. Doing this, we gain more control over both concept selection in generation an...