This paper introduces a new data-driven prosody model for the text-to-speech system ARTIC. The model is intended to be almost language-independent and to generate naturally sounding intonation with a link to semantics. It is based on text parametrisation using a new prosodic grammar and on automatic speech corpora analysis methods. Its performance is evaluated by results of presented listening ...

Materials evaluation studies have constantly demonstrated that there is no one fixed procedure for conducting textbook evaluation studies. Instead, the criteria must be selected according to the needs and objectives of the context in which evaluation takes place. The speaking skill as part of the communicative competence has been emphasized as an important objective in language teaching. The pr...

Abstract Task-based language teaching has received increased attention in second language research. However, the combination of structured input-based approach and task-based language teaching has not been examined in relation to L2 grammar learning. To address this gap, the present study investigated how the structured input-based tasks with and without explicit information impacted learners’ ...

this study examines differences in non-native efl teachers’ beliefs about grammar and teaching grammar. the differences were sought across teachers’ work environment- private school versus state schools-, degree, gender, and teaching experience. a sample of 130 efl teachers teaching at junior high school, high schools, and private language institutes were randomly selected. the sample consisted...

Students often make mistakes in writing descriptive texts about people, animals, objects, or procedures. When asked the source of error, they did not give a clear answer to question, let alone an explanation error. The purpose this study was analyze types errors made by students and find out why texts. method used is qualitative description. Fifteen seventh-grade junior high school were subject...

Abstract The current study involved multilevel analysis of high-stakes examination results (i.e., GCSE) in Northern Ireland to investigate gender differentials mathematical achievement, whereas most previous research the area used from low-stakes tests PISA, TIMSS). supported similarities hypothesis with respect both overall and content domain-specific attainment. Similar conclusions were drawn...

Applied to the problem of automatic program generation, Genetic Programming often produces code bloat, or unexpected solutions that are, according common belief, difficult comprehend. To study comprehensibility produced by Programming, attribute grammars obtained Programming-based semantic inference were compared manually written ones. According established procedure, research was carried out a...

Two major schools of grammar emerged in the 20th century, namely American Structural Grammar represented by L. Bloomfield and Transformational-Generative (TG Grammar) Chomsky. This paper compares differences between two from aspects background, stage development, philosophical psychological basis, view language, goals study, objects methods language acquisition theory other aspects. also Englis...