There have been a number of studies in recent years relating to the mechanisms of grain refinement, poisoning and fade of Al-Ti-B refiners. In addition there have been several new grain refining products introduced for the foundry sector, such as TiBAlloy and Strobloy, for which studies have also been performed, albeit in a more limited way. The new generation of grain refiners have a number of...

In this paper, the effect of alloy composition on the microstructural development of devitrified Nd–Fe–B-based alloys is investigated. While crystallization of simple ternary Nd2Fe14B resulted in a highly variable microstructure and relatively poor demagnetization behavior, alloying additions, notably Ti and C, were found to significantly refine and homogenize the crystallized microstructure. H...

Recently, the grain boundary−intragranular nucleation of ferrite has received great attention seeking for the improvement of the toughness in the steel, specially when conventional austenite grain refinement techniques are not enough. This paper deals with some relevant aspects about the competitive process of allotriomorphic and idiomorphic ferrite transformations in a medium carbon vanadium-t...