In this review, we identify important challenges facing physicians responsible for renal and cardiac transplantation in children based on a review of the contemporary medical literature. Regarding pediatric renal transplantation, we discuss the challenge of antibody-mediated rejection, focusing on both acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection. We review new diagnostic approaches to antibod...

Three consecutive patients with the severe phenotype of leukocyte adhesion deficiency characterized by a defective expression of LFA-1, Mac-1 (CR3), and p150.95 on leukocytes have received HLA partially incompatible bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The degree of HLA incompatibility between related donors and recipients was 2 HLA antigens in one and one full haplotype in the two others. Graft-...

Filamentous fungi spontaneously undergo vegetative cell fusion events within but also between individuals. These cell fusions (anastomoses) lead to cytoplasmic mixing and to the formation of vegetative heterokaryons (i.e., cells containing different nuclear types). The viability of these heterokaryons is genetically controlled by specific loci termed het loci (for heterokaryon incompatibility)....

Plant species have repeatedly evolved recognition systems between pollen and pistils that identify and reject inappropriate matings. Two of the most important systems recognize self-pollen and interspecific pollen. Outstanding questions are whether and how these two recognition systems are linked and if this association could constrain the evolution of mate choice. Our study characterizes varia...

Because self-incompatibility loci are maintained heterozygous and recombination within self-incompatibility loci would be disadvantageous, self-incompatibility loci are thought to contribute to structural and functional differentiation of chromosomes. Although the hermaphrodite chordate, Ciona intestinalis, has two self-incompatibility genes, this incompatibility system is incomplete and self-f...

Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO incompatibility was first observed by Halbrecht in 1944. This entity has a spectrum ranging from minimal hemolysis requiring no therapy, as is the case in most instances, to severe hemolytic disease requiring aggressive management including exchange transfusion in a small percentage of cases. An extreme degree of hemolytic disease of the newborn due t...

Understanding the process by which hybrid incompatibility alleles become established in natural populations remains a major challenge to evolutionary biology. Previously, we discovered a two-locus Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility that causes severe hybrid male sterility between two inbred lines of the incompletely isolated wildflower species, Mimulus guttatus and M. nasutus. An interspecific c...

Background and Aim: One of the main goals of blood transfusion medicine is to determine the compatibility of the blood products with the patients. Therefore, clinical and laboratory (serologic) evaluations should be done to determine the maximum compatibility (or minimum incompatibility). The most known blood groups is the ABO antigenic system and the most important of them is Rh system. Among ...