Typestate reflects how the legal operations on imperative objects can change at runtime as their internal state changes. A typestate checker can statically ensure, for instance, that an object method is only called when the object is in a state for which the operation is welldefined. Prior work has shown how modular typestate checking can be achieved thanks to access permissions and state guara...

BACKGROUND Although the weaning classification based on the difficulty and duration of the weaning process has been evaluated in the different type of intensive care units (ICUs), little is known about clinical outcomes and validity among the three groups in medical ICU. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical relevance of weaning classification and its association with hospi...

This study tested the hypothesis that intermittent suckling (IS) with or without an older weaning age would improve post-weaning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) carbohydrate absorptive capacity in pigs while reducing post-weaning stress and aspects of the inflammatory response. Three weaning regimes using primiparous sows were compared: (1) conventional weaning (CW28) ( n = 22), where piglets were...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding alfalfa hay and starter fiber level on feed intake and performance of holstein dairy calves, using thirty two male calves in a completely randomized design assigned to four diets in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. the experimental treatments were as follow: t1: starter with low fiber and without alfalfa hay, t2: starter with low fibe...

A total of 28 litters (241 × 600, DNA) and 356 nursery pigs DNA; initially 12.5 lb) were used in 28-d trial (4-d pre-weaning 24-d post-weaning) to determine the effect providing enrichment cubes (supersized pellets that resemble cattle range size from 1.1 2.0 in. length 0.6 0.8 diameter) suckling late lactation after weaning on post-weaning feed intake growth. Treatments arranged a 2 factorial ...

Over the past 20 years, programmers have embraced dynamically-typed programming languages. By now, they have also come to realize that programs in these languages lack reliable type information for software engineering purposes. Gradual typing addresses this problem; it empowers programmers to annotate an existing system with sound type information on a piecemeal basis. This paper presents an i...

results there were 80 successful and 44 unsuccessful as well as 72 successful and 8 unsuccessful weaning cases in the first and second phase of the study, respectively. the area under the roc curves for iwi was 0.967, with standard error of 0.020, 95% confidence interval of 0.899 to 0.993 and significance level of p = 0.001, se = 94.59, sp = 66.67, ppv = 97.22, npv = 50, da = 92.5 and likelihoo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is not an ideal predictor of weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV). In a large meta-analysis, despite methodological limitations, respiratory rate (RR) was considered a promising predictor. The aim of this study was to evaluate RR as a predictor of weaning failure from MV. METHODS We prospectively evaluated 166 patients scheduled for weaning from MV. RR and o...

BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a key component in the care of critically ill and injured patients. Weaning from MV constitutes a major challenge in intensive care units (ICUs). Any delay in weaning may increase the number of complications and leads to greater expense. Nurse-led, protocol-directed weaning has become popular, but it remains underused. The aim of this study was to ident...

Weaning is a source of social, nutritional and environmental disorders that challenge piglet health. This study assesses the relevance of using plasma indicators of oxidative status as biomarkers of health around weaning in pigs. Blood antioxidant potential (BAP), hydroperoxides (HPO), oxidative stress index (OSI, e.g. HPO/BAP), vitamin A and E concentrations were investigated in two different ...