While grading the strength of recommendations and the quality of underlying evidence enhances the usefulness of clinical guidelines, the profusion of guideline grading systems undermines the value of the grading exercise. An American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) task force formulated the criteria for a grading system to be utilized in all ACCP guidelines that included simplicity and trans...

One problem that arises with the increasing numbers of students in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is that of student evaluation. The large number of students makes it infeasible for the instructors or the teaching assistants to grade all assignments, while the present auto-grading technology is not feasible for many topics of interest. As a result, there has recently been a great push for ...

Device modeling and simulation studies of a Cu(In1-x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cell have been carried out. A variety of graded band-gap structures, including space charge region (SCR) grading, back surface region grading, and double grading of the CIGS absorber layer, are examined. The device physics and performance parameters for different band-gap profiles were analyzed. Based on the sim...

conclusions the results showed that clinical and ultrasonographic grading to diagnose varicoceles is directly consistent together and it is possible to make them equivalent together. in addition, the age factor has not a significant impact on disease grading. methods in this cross-sectional study, 66 patients suspected of varicocele referred to urology clinic of shahid faghihi hospital in shira...

Background and objective: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common adult renal neoplasm. Staging and grading of RCC are important predictors of survival. Fuhrman nuclear grading is widely used for CCRCC, the subjective nature of which has prompted more objective methods to evaluate nuclear features. Furthermore, Ki-67, a reliable marker of cellular pr...

Introduction: Glioma is the most common type of brain malignancy among adults. Treatment for this type of tumor involves surgery, radiotherapy, and in higher grades, including chemotherapy. The precise grading of the tumor is critical for treatment planning and prognosis determining. Considering the possibility of problems such as errors in tissue sampling during surgery, as we...

background: bladder cancer accounts for about 7% of all cancers among adults in iran. we aimed to evaluate epidemiological and clinicopathological features of bladder cancer in kermanshah province, west iran. methods: in a descriptive retrospective study, records of patients with bladder cancer referring to imam reza hospital, kermanshah city, iran during 2011-2013 were analyzed. sex, age, smok...