The Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) is a leader in evidence-based medicine and the development of practice management guidelines (PMGs) in trauma and acute care surgery. The previous primer describing EAST's approach for assessing the quality of available evidence and making recommendations for developing PMGs was published in 2000. Since that time, many new systems have be...

in this paper, a new approach is proposed in order to select an optimal membership function for inputs of wind speed prediction system. then using a fuzzy method and the stochastic characteristics of wind speed in the previous year, the wind speed modeling is performed and the wind speed for the future year will be predicted. in this proposed method, the average and the standard deviation of in...

We assessed the influence of inclusion (method 1) and exclusion (method 2) of intratumoral vessels when determining maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBVmax) in 3 types of low-grade gliomas (LGGs): astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas. Method 1 yielded significantly higher mean rCBVmax than method 2. However, only method 2 demonstrated a significant (P = .026) associat...

The total numbers of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) in the United States and members of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) have risen to an all-time high. However, the percentage of CRNAs who are AANA members has been slowly declining since 2006, particularly among newly certified nurse anesthetists. To develop new strategies to increase and sustain CRNA memb...

In all the medical Royal Colleges Fellowship is a higher grade than membership of the College, but in the great majority of Royal Colleges Fellowship is awarded by election to a minority of the members who have been judged by the Council of the College, or by a relevant sub-committee, to have achieved professional distinction. This is the arrangement in the Royal Colleges of Physicians, General...

This paper defines a class of cooperative fuzzy games with infinite players, which is monotonically nondecreasing and continuous with respect to each player’s grade of membership. Then, the AumannShapley values for the games with fuzzy coalitions are proposed with the form of Choquet integral. The properties of the Aumann-Shapley values are also shown. Finally, the relationship between the fuzz...

This paper presents a fuzzy goal programming (FGP) methodology for solving bi-level quadratic programming (BLQP) problems. In the FGP model formulation, firstly the objectives are transformed into fuzzy goals (membership functions) by means of assigning an aspiration level to each of them, and suitable membership function is defined for each objectives, and also the membership functions for vec...

Fuzziness is not a priori an obvious concept and demands some explanation. “Fuzziness” is what Black (NF 1937) calls “vagueness” when he distinguishes it from “generality” and from “ambiguity.” Generalizing refers to the application of a symbol to a multiplicity of objects in the field of reference, ambiguity to the association of a finite number of alternative meanings having the same phonetic...