Euglena gracilis is a eukaryotic, unicellular phytoflagellate that has been widely studied in basic science and applied science. Under dark, anaerobic conditions, the cells of E. gracilis produce a wax ester that can be converted into biofuel. Here, we demonstrate that under dark, anaerobic conditions, E. gracilis excretes organic acids, such as succinate and lactate, which are bulk chemicals u...

Pandemic infection or reemergence of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) occurs in tropical and subtropical regions, being associated with hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, aseptic meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, pulmonary edema, and paralysis. However, effective therapeutic drugs against EV71 and CVA16 are rare. Kalanchoe gracilis (L.) DC is used for the treatment ...

1. Furukawa H, Saito A, Mol W, Sekido M, Sasaki S, Yamamoto Y. Double innervation occurs in the facial mimetic muscles after facial-hypoglossal end-to-side neural repair: rat model for neural supercharge concept. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(3):257–64. 2. Terzis JK, Wang W, Zhao Y. Effect of axonal load on the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the cross-facial nerve graft procedure...

Patellar instability has been shown to be associated with different major factors. However, studies have demonstrated that soft tissue reconstructions are adequate enough to reestablish patellar constraint. In recent years, the medial patellofemoral ligament has been recognized as the primary passive restraint for lateral translation of the patella. Their reconstruction has gain popularity as t...

Clinical isolates of agar-pitting, formate-fumarate-requiring, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli were recharacterized in consideration of the species descriptions of Bacteroides ureolyticus and the newly described B. gracilis, Campylobacter concisus, and Wolinella sp. During an 11-year period, 7.5% (101 of 1,341) of all specimens yielding anaerobes were found to contain an organism in this group....

1. Furukawa H, Saito A, Mol W, Sekido M, Sasaki S, Yamamoto Y. Double innervation occurs in the facial mimetic muscles after facial-hypoglossal end-to-side neural repair: rat model for neural supercharge concept. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(3):257–64. 2. Terzis JK, Wang W, Zhao Y. Effect of axonal load on the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the cross-facial nerve graft procedure...

Tension in an anterior cruciate ligament graft is greater with the knee in flexion when the angle of the tibial tunnel in the coronal plane is vertical or more perpendicular to the medial joint line of the tibia; however, the relationship of the angle of the tibial tunnel to knee function has not been studied. Greater graft tension may limit knee flexion or stretch the graft and increase anteri...

This study compared the differences in clinical outcome between an endoscopic (67 of 70) and two-incision (41 of 49) technique used to reconstruct tom anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) using a double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis (DLSTG) graft. In both techniques, the graft was placed without roof impingement, the looped end of the graft was fixed around a post with bone compaction, and th...

The zooplanktivorous flatworm Mesostoma ehrenbergii and the calanoid copepod Boeckella gracilis were observed to coexist in Patagonian fishless ponds. In laboratory experiments, we studied the vulnerability of B. gracilis to M. ehrenbergii predation, testing the attack rates on copulating pairs and single adults in different abundances. We also determined B. gracilis dimorphism, sex ratio and c...