Methods that might work are not good enough; what is preserved today should be reliably useful whenever someone wants it. Here, “reliably” is intended to include “without error introduced after the data leaves the purported author’s control.” Prior proposals—called “transformative migration” and “preservation emulation”—fail because what they save is confounded with details about today’s inform...

Previous experiments have shown that V2 neurons respond to complex stimuli such as cyclopean edges (edges defined purely by binocular disparity), angles, and motion borders. It is currently unknown whether these responses are a simple consequence of converging inputs from a prior stage of processing (V1). Alternatively, they may identify edges in a way that is invariant across a range of visual...

(Non-)portability of Prolog programs is widely considered as an important factor in the lack of acceptance of the language. Since 1995, the core of the language is covered by the ISO standard 13211-1. Since 2007, YAP and SWI-Prolog have established a basic compatibility framework. This article describes and evaluates this framework. The aim of the framework is running the same code on both syst...

We study an in nite period incomplete information dynamic game of a nite number of agents adopting a new technology with pure information externalities. Each agent has private information about his idiosyncratic adoption cost, but share the same public information, released by early adopters, about the technology's eÆciency, which is common to all agents. We show that a unique symmetric pure st...

unproblematically, continuing on a trajectory set out in the 1880s, as if there were a giant conspiracy to chastise homosexuality through discussions of the homosexual body, then to more psychological markers, and finally back to the body in terms of the genetic arguments about homosexuality that are current today. I am not suggesting that homosexuality was not often spurned by scientists, but ...

There is overwhelming evidence suggesting that the real users of IR systems often prefer using extremely short queries (one or two individual words) but they try out several queries if needed. Such behavior is fundamentally different from the process modeled in the traditional test collection-based IR evaluation based on using more verbose queries and only one query per topic. In the present pa...

We show how one can use Hermite-Padé approximation and little q-Jacobi polynomials to construct rational approximants for ζq(2). These numbers are qanalogues of the well known ζ(2). Here q = 1 p , with p an integer greater than one. These approximants are good enough to show the irrationality of ζq(2) and they allow us to calculate an upper bound for its measure of irrationality: μ (ζq(2)) ≤ 10...

Introduction Many intergovernmental and governmental organizations produce their own interfaces for statistical data. With the exception of the Common Database which combines select data from many of the United Nations’ independent agencies, there is typically little cooperation for integrating data between agencies. Some universities have chosen to produce their own interface to merge data int...

This is a complement to the comparison theorem for improper integrals in the textbook. The vanilla version presented in the textbook is good enough to solve some very easy examples and it becomes exponentially gory with the complexity of the integral. Fortunately it is not hard to refine the statement in the book, and turn it into a powerful tool to estimate the convergence of arbitrarily compl...