background: pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variations among individuals to predict the probability that a patient will respond to single or multidrug chemotherapy. breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. treatment of breast cancer by application of biological rationales gives us the ability to match the correct pharmacology to individual tumour genetic p...

A long term investigation was made on the importance of thyroxine and prolactin in the reproduction of a tropical wild bird, spotted munia, Lonchura punctulata. Different doses of thyroxine i.m. (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg; 0.56, 1.12 and 2.24 n mol Sodium salt, Sigma) per day/bird were administered in 0.1 ml of 0.9% alkaline NaCl per day per bird. Similarly various doses of prolactin (1.0, 2.0,. ...

Somatic mosaicism refers to the occurrence of two genetically distinct populations of cells within an individual, derived from a postzygotic mutation. In contrast to inherited mutations, somatic mosaic mutations may affect only a portion of the body and are not transmitted to progeny. These mutations affect varying genomic sizes ranging from single nucleotides to entire chromosomes and have bee...

Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells are induced into an embryogenic state, followed by differentiation into embryos. Somatic embryogenesis, in addition to being a method of propagation, can serve as an experimental tool for research into plant embryo development. This is a review of the current literature on in vitro plant somatic embryogenesis and the molecular advances...

genetic diversity among plants sprouted from seven year old clones of mulberry (morus indica var. s36) was studied using molecular markers such as issr and rapd. the clones showed significant variability in sex expression and the sprouting behavior. these changes were appeared after seven years of rigorous pruning and training (pruned once in every 3-4months). genetic diversity analysis reveale...

historically, biomarkers have been used in two major ways to maintain and improve better health status: first, for diagnostic purposes, and second, as specific targets to treat various diseases.   a new era in treatment and even cure for the some diseases using reprograming of somatic cells is about to be born. in this approach, scientists are successfully taking human skin cells (previously co...

abstract to produce embryogenic callus and somatic embryo, whole flower explants were collected at two sampling stages of i, iii. to produce embryogenic callus and somatic embryo, ms medium supplemented with 5 and 10µm 2,4-d and 2µm bap were used. for embryo differentiation, ms medium with 0.5mg/l iba, ms medium without any plant growth regulators, ms medium with 2mg/l iba and 0.2mg/l bap, ms m...

Background: Galanin is an orexigenic agent and has been demonstrated to be a putative regulator of gonadotropin secretion. It is well known that this orexigenic peptide probably plays a vital role in the regulation of reproduction; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the role of galanin in the regulation of gonad...

BACKGROUND Available evidence suggests that 50% of couples with infertility are male related. Over 40% of these males consume alcohol which has been reported to be a reproductive toxicant causing depletions in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules hence reducing sperm counts and sperm morphology. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on alcohol-...