The goal of the present paper is to provide a systematic and comprehensive study of rational stochastic languages over a semiring K ∈ {Q,Q,R,R}. A rational stochastic language is a probability distribution over a free monoid Σ which is rational over K, that is which can be generated by a multiplicity automata with parameters in K. We study the relations between the classes of rational stochasti...

This paper concerns the question of whether a more direct limit can be used to obtain the limit Hilbert Kunz multiplicity, a possible candidate for a characteristic zero Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity. The main goal is to establish an affirmative answer for one of the main cases for which the limit Hilbert Kunz multiplicity is even known to exist, namely that of graded ideals in the homogeneous coor...

this study attempts to examine the multilingualism in algeria, in other words, the phenomenon of linguistic diversity which characterizes the algerian reality and its relationship. for that matter the article visualizes the linguistic level of learners especially children, highlighting the characteristics of the multiplicity of its causes and manifestations. here, the descriptive methodology is...

ion of m-pepsican, phys-obj-slot is activated. When m-pepsican is activated, the object models for pepsicans are brought into the robot's memory through a callback associated with m-pepsican unless the models are already in memory due to the previous activities. After m-phys-obj is activated, the token sequence of the MOP's expectation becomes empty, thus activating the MOP. When the MOP is act...

I explore some of the issues that arise when trying to establish a connection between the underspecification hypothesis pursued in the NLP literature and work on ambiguity in semantics and in the psychological literature. A theory of underspecification is developed ‘from the first principles’, i.e., starting from a definition of what it means for a sentence to be semantically ambiguous and from...

Traditionally, the main focus of forest management planning has been the production of timber. However, forests are today regarded as a source for a wide range of commodities and services, such as biodiversity and recreation to name a few. This results in planning situations that often involve several stakeholders or social groups where a multiplicity of criteria of very different natures must ...

This paper discusses multiplicity issues arising in confirmatory clinical trials with hierarchically ordered multiple objectives. In order to protect the overall type I error rate, multiple objectives are analyzed using multiple testing procedures. When the objectives are ordered and grouped in multiple families (e.g. families of primary and secondary endpoints), gatekeeping procedures are empl...