PURPOSE Extraocular muscles show specific adaptations to fulfill the metabolic demands imposed by their constant activity. One aspect that has not been explored is the availability of substrate for energy pathways in extraocular muscles. In limb muscles, glucose enters by way of GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters in a process regulated by insulin and contractile activity to match metabolic supply to ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is calorie-restricted by lowering glucose from 2% to 0.5%. Under low glucose conditions, replicative lifespan is extended in a manner that depends on the NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacetylase Sir2 and NAD+ salvage enzymes. Because NAD+ is required for glucose utilization and Sir2 function, it was postulated that glucose levels alter the levels of NAD+ metabolites th...

Intestinal hexose absorption and gluconeogenesis have been studied in relation to refeeding after two different fasting phases: a long period of protein sparing during which energy expenditure is derived from lipid oxidation (phase II), and a later phase characterized by a rise in plasma corticosterone triggering protein catabolism (phase III). Such a switch in body fuel uses, leading to change...

• MPK3 preferentially phosphorylates Serine 114 of ABI4. Phosphorylated ABI4 is required for the complementation abi4 mutants. acts primarily as a repressor. The transcription factor ABA-INSENSITIVE(ABI)4 has diverse roles in regulating plant growth, including inhibiting germination and reserve mobilization response to ABA high salinity, seedling growth sugars, lateral root repressing light-ind...

Purpose: To investigate the effects of circ_0001953/miR-186 on human retinal vascular endothelial cell (HRVEC) injury evoked by high glucose. Methods: A model (HG group) was established using glucose-treated HRVECs, while untreated HRVECs were used as control group (Con group). The levels endothelin-1 (ET-1), ICAM-1 and IL-6 evaluated ELISA content malondialdehyde (MDA) superoxide dismutase (SO...

Protein biosensors play an increasingly important role as reporters for research and clinical applications. Here we present approach the construction of fully integrated but modular electrochemical based on principal component glucose monitors PQQ-glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH). We designed allosterically regulated circular permutated variants PQQ-GDH that show large (>10-fold) changes in enzy...

Leptin resistance is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. The present study showed that glucose deprivation inhibited leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in neuronal cells. Flurbiprofen reversed glucose deprivation-mediated attenuation of STAT3, bu...

Abstract Objectives Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a significant role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used antihyperglycemic agents, exerting renal beneficial effects DKD. Here, we investigated DPP4 inhibitor Sitagliptin (Sita) ER homeostasis kidneys DBA2/J (D2) mice albumin-stimulated HK-2 cells. Methods Resu...

RATIONALE Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, but its use is often limited by cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation in cardiomyocytes, and we have demonstrated that ER stress plays important roles in the pathophysiology of heart failure. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the role of ER stress in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and examined w...

In mammals, glucose transport is mediated by five structurally related glucose transporters that show a characteristic cell-specific expression. However, the rat brain/HepG2/erythrocyte-type glucose transporter GLUT-1 is expressed at low levels in most cells. The reason for this coexpression is not clear. GLUT-1 is negatively regulated by glucose. Another family of proteins, glucose-regulated p...