Climate warming during the course of the twenty-first century is projected to be between 1.0 and 3.7°C depending on future greenhouse gas emissions, based on the ensemble-mean results of state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs). Just how reliable are these projections, given the complexity of the climate system? The early history of climate research provides insight into the understanding an...

in this paper we study the impact of minkowski metric matrix on a projection in theminkowski space m along with their basic algebraic and geometric properties.the relationbetween the m-projections and the minkowski inverse of a matrix a in the minkowski spacemis derived. in the remaining portion commutativity of minkowski inverse in minkowski spacem is analyzed in terms of m-projections as an a...

We present an improved Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) method, named Gloablity-Locality Preserving Projections (GLPP), to preserve both the global and local geometric structures of data. In our approach, an additional constraint of the geometry of classes is imposed to the objective function of conventional LPP for respecting some more global manifold structures. Moreover, we formulate a ...

We propose a method for obtaining joint probabilistic projections of migration for all countries, broken down by age and sex. Joint trajectories for all countries are constrained to satisfy the requirement of zero global net migration. We evaluate our model using out-of-sample validation and compare point projections to the projected migration rates from a persistence model similar to the metho...

Research Institute of Electric Power Industry jointly with National Center for Atmospheric Research. To contribute to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, multi-century global warming projections based on the IPCC SRES scenarios were conducted using the Earth Simulator. One of the features of our experiments is multi-century long-term projections under the stabilized radiative forcings of greenho...

Influential demographic projections suggest that the global human population will stabilize at about 9-10 billion people by mid-century. These projections rest on two fundamental assumptions. The first is that the energy needed to fuel development and the associated decline in fertility will keep pace with energy demand far into the future. The second is that the demographic transition is irrev...

the problem of utilizing undesirable (bad) outputs in dea models often need replacing the assumption of free disposability of outputs by weak disposability of outputs. the kuosmanen technology is the only correct representation of the fully convex technology exhibiting weak disposability of bad and good outputs. also, there are some specific features of non-radial data envelopment analysis (dea...

The problem of utilizing undesirable (bad) outputs in DEA models often need replacing the assumption of free disposability of outputs by weak disposability of outputs. The Kuosmanen technology is the only correct representation of the fully convex technology exhibiting weak disposability of bad and good outputs. Also, there are some specific features of non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA...