indium tin oxide (ito) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by rf sputtering using an ito ceramic target (in2o3-sno2, 90-10 wt. %). after deposition, samples were annealed at different temperatures in vacuum furnace. the post vacuum annealing effects on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ito films were investigated. polycrystalline ito films have been analyzed in wide...

We known that the three major methods to recrystallize amorphous silicon are: Rapid Thermal Annealing(RTA), Excimer Laser Crystallization (ELC) and Solid Phase Crystallization(SPC)[3.1][3.2].Solid phase crystallization and RTA has several advantages over laser crystallization which include smoother surfaces, better uniformity, and batch process in furnace annealing. But in order to achieve the ...

OBJECTIVES The occurrence of "chipping" of all-ceramic restorations with Y-TZP frameworks has resulted in various designs and cooling procedures recommended for reducing such behavior. In this paper the temperature gradients during fast and slow cooling for conventional and anatomical designs are compared as well as an optical procedure to directly compare the influence of cooling rate on resid...

Introduction: Compositions of many of the >100 lunar pyroclastic deposits identified remotely are poorly constrained. In addition, the absorption properties of glasses, which are ubiquitous in all regolith samples, strongly influence spectra of lunar soil and hence spectral remote sensing data of the lunar surface [1,2]. Previous spectral studies of lunar synthetic glasses have not reproduced a...

In this study, the Mo-electrode thin films were deposited by a two-stepped process, and the high-purity copper indium selenide-based powder (CuInSe2, CIS) was fabricated by hydrothermal process by Nanowin Technology Co. Ltd. From the X-ray pattern of the CIS precursor, the mainly crystalline phase was CIS, and the almost undetectable CuSe phase was observed. Because the CIS powder was aggregate...