Most inequality research on the relationship between inequality and mental health has focused on cross-country variation. Findings from within-country data are mixed. We examined whether changes in municipal Gini index or in the share of people living in relative poverty were linked to changes in the use of antidepressants in several Finnish municipalities between 1995 and 2010. We found that m...

Problem statement: In this study, the inequality of apnea rates during sleep was investigated. Approach: This study used a database comprising 13 patients with apnea problems. The data was extracted from the MIT-BIH database. The Lorenz curve and Gini index were used to determine the inequality of apnea rates. In order to test for cluster, random or regular patterns of apnea, an index of runs w...

analysis. Variation in risk preference assumpA conceptual link among mean-variance tions are incorporated into a risk function by (EV), stochastic dominance (SD), mean-risk changing r, the Pratt-Arrow risk aversion co(ET), and Gini mean difference (EG) is estabefficient in SD analysis, and oc, the exponent lished for determining risk efficient decision conditioning the degree to which segments ...

Confidentiality, political sensitivity and other considerations often dictate the reporting of income inequality data by governments and other agencies in grouped format. In these cases, inequality measures, such as the Gini index, must be estimated from the grouped data rather than from the individual observations from which the grouped data are constructed. Also, grouped data, which are gener...

Socioeconomic status has a robust positive relationship with several health outcomes at the individual and population levels, but in the case of HIV prevalence, income inequality may be a better predictor than absolute level of income. Most studies showing a relationship between income inequality and HIV have used entire countries as the unit of analysis. In this study, we examine the associati...

Accurate inference of molecular and functional interactions among genes, especially in multicellular organisms such as Drosophila, often requires statistical analysis of correlations not only between the magnitudes of gene expressions, but also between their temporal-spatial patterns. The ISH (in-situ-hybridization)-based gene expression micro-imaging technology offers an effective approach to ...

BACKGROUND Although seasonality is a defining characteristic of many infectious diseases, few studies have described and compared seasonal patterns across diseases globally, impeding our understanding of putative mechanisms. Here, we review seasonal patterns across five enteric zoonotic diseases: campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, vero-cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), cryptosporidiosis an...

Punctuated Equilibrium (PE) states that after long periods of evolutionary quiescence, species evolution can take place in short time intervals, where sudden differentiation makes new species emerge and some species extinct. In this paper, we introduce and study the effect of punctuated equilibrium on two different asset exchangemodels: the yard sale model (YS, winner gets a random fraction of ...