Controlled secretion of a protective extracellular matrix is required for transmission of the infective stage of a large number of protozoan and metazoan parasites. Differentiating trophozoites of the highly minimized protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia secrete the proteinaceous portion of the cyst wall material (CWM) consisting of three paralogous cyst wall proteins (CWP1-3) via organelles term...

We have isolated three freshwater bacterial strains that demonstrate the ability to degrade Giardia intestinalis cysts. These strains have been identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis as belonging to the Flavobacterium columnare clade of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group. While the cyst degradation mechanism is unclear, two different effects on the cysts were observed: non-...

The protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia undergoes stage differentiation in the small intestine of the host to an environmentally resistant and infectious cyst. Encystation involves the secretion of an extracellular matrix comprised of cyst wall proteins (CWPs) and a β(1-3)-GalNAc homopolymer. Upon the induction of encystation, genes coding for CWPs are switched on, and mRNAs coding for a Myb tra...

giardia is a flagellate protozoan with worldwide distribution that causes significant gastrointestinal diseases. the life cycle of the organism alternates between the active, proliferating trophozoite and the dormant cyst. 5-nitroimida-zoles have been used extensively in the treatment of amoebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. we have previously synthesized some new analogues of metronidazo...

Giardia is an intestinal parasite that undergoes adaptation for survival outside the host. It secretes an extracellular cyst wall using a poorly understood process. An encystation-specific secretory vesicle (ESV) was previously described containing cyst wall proteins. The process of release of these vesicles has been suggested to occur after fragmentation of large ESV in small secretory vesicle...

background: giardia lamblia is one of the most prevalent intestinal flagellate protozoa that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts causing severe intestinal disorder in children.this study was performed to determine subspecies of g.lamblia by the pcrrflp method, targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus, in hospitalized children at urmia mutahhari hospital, west azerbaijan province,i...

Giardiasis is endemic in all regions of the world. Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) cysts are spread in Egypt via the fecal-oral route, through ingestion of the cyst with contaminated food or water. The symptoms of giardiasis vary from the asymptomatic passage of cysts to chronic diarrhea, malabsorption and weight loss. Although microscopy has the advantage of low cost and ability to simultaneously...

OBJECTIVE To quantify microbiology indicators of fecal contamination in the effluents of two waste water treatment plants and in samples collected in several canals in Xochimilco. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study was performed. Ten sites, 5 from plant effluents and 5 from canals, were selected for sampling during November and December 2001. Fecal coliforms and enterococci were qua...