Inflammation is a well regulated process, which has many common but also specific characteristics in each tissue affected. In the gastrointestinal tract (GI), inflammation is related to some detrimental conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, colitis and even carcinogenesis. To prevent inflammation, both the transport and barrier properties of the GI are closely regulated. Ion channels...

Objective : to identify potentially reversible clinical and socio-demographic factors influencing the social adaptation of patients with gender incongruence (GI). Materials methods a retrospective analysis 926 patient records MtF FtM GI was performed. Results among who applied, 44.38% were MtF, 55.62% FtM. The mean age 24.0 years (from 13 65 years). educational level is mainly represented by hi...

The cells that line the mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract (GI, that is, oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum) are constantly challenged by adverse micro-environmental factors, such as different pH, enzymes, and bacterial flora. With exception of the oral cavity, these microenvironments also contain remnant cocktails of secreted enzymes and bact...

Regenerating gene (Reg) family proteins, which are classified into four types, commonly act as trophic and/or antiapoptotic factors in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. However, it remains unclear how these proteins coordinate their similar roles under such pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the interrelationships of Reg family gene expression with mucosal cell proliferation and...

The recent breakthrough of technological innovation has contributed to a tangible advance in endoscopic imaging. Optical diagnosis is an indispensable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Endocytoscopy opens the realm real-time microscopic evaluation GI tract, providing information about cellular subcellular changes during ongoing endoscopy, therapy potentially acc...

PURPOSE Pediatric chest pain is considered to be idiopathic or caused by benign diseases. This study was to find out how much upper gastrointestinal (UGI) diseases are major causes of chest pain in pediatric patients. METHODS The records of 75 children (42 boys and 33 girls, aged 3-17 years old) who have presented with mainly chest pain from January 1995 to March 2015 were retrospectively rev...

Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and cancer. In this review, the relationship between smoking and GI disorders and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. It has been demonstrated that cigarette smoking is positively associated with the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers a...

Gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle responses to stimulation of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nerves have been suggested to be mediated by polypeptides, ATP, or another unidentified neurotransmitter. The discovery of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors greatly contributed to our understanding of mechanisms involved in these responses, leading to the novel hypothesis that NO, an ...

The vertebrate gut harbors a vast community of bacterial mutualists, the composition of which is modulated by the host immune system. Many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are expected to be associated with disruptions of host-bacterial interactions, but relatively few comprehensive studies have been reported. We have used the rhesus macaque model to investigate forces shaping GI bacterial commun...

background: it is thought that the transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) through the endoscopic procedures is a very rare event. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the standard disinfection procedure of the endoscopes and accessories versus conventional disinfection in the transmission of hbv. materials and methods: a prospective survey, comprising 520 consecutive upper gastro...