Abstract The infrared behaviour of gluon and ghost propagators, ghost-gluon vertex and three-gluon vertex is investigated for both the covariant Landau and the non-covariant Coulomb gauge. Assuming infrared ghost dominance, we find a unique infrared exponent in the d = 4 Landau gauge, while in the d = 3 + 1 Coulomb gauge we find two different infrared exponents. We also show that a finite dress...

Since its first experimental demonstration, ghost imaging has attracted a great deal of attention due to interests in its fundamental nature and its potential applications. In terms of applications, the most interesting and useful feature, perhaps, is the turbulence insensitivity of thermal light ghost imaging, i.e., atmospheric turbulence would not have any influence on the ghost images of sun...

We show that there is (p − 1)(p − 1) dimensional semi-relative BRST cohomology at each non-positive ghost number in the (p, p) minimal conformal field theory coupled to two dimensional quantum gravity. These closed string states are related to currents and symmetry charges of ‘exotic’ ghost number. We investigate the symmetry structure generated by the most conventional currents (those of vanis...

How resident stem cells and their immediate progenitors rebuild tissues of pre-injury organization and size for proportional regeneration is not well understood. Using 3D, time-lapse intravital imaging for direct visualization of the muscle regeneration process in live mice, we report that extracellular matrix remnants from injured skeletal muscle fibers, "ghost fibers," govern muscle stem/prog...

Gutzwiller's trace formula allows interpreting the density of states of a classically chaotic quantum system in terms of classical periodic orbits. It diverges when periodic orbits undergo bifurcations, and must be replaced with a uniform approximation in the vicinity of the bifurcations. As a characteristic feature, these approximations require the inclusion of complex " ghost orbits ". By stu...

We propose a speech-operated cursor that is easy to move to any desired position. Speech-recognition systems are useful for people with physical disabilities, because such systems allow them to manipulate a computer using voice only. However, using traditional speech-recognition systems it is difficult to move the cursor to a desired position. To make it easier to specify the desired position, ...

We present the Y-formalism for the non-minimal pure spinor quantization of superstrings. In the framework of this formalism we compute, at the quantum level, the explicit form of the compound operators involved in the construction of the b ghost, their normalordering contributions and the relevant relations among them. We use these results to construct the quantum-mechanical b ghost in the non-...