Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS; or best management practices) are increasingly being used as ecological engineering techniques to prevent the contamination of receiving watercourses and groundwater. Permeable paving is a SuDS technique, which is commonplace in car parks, driveways and minor roads where one of their functions is to improve the quality of urban runoff. However, little is know...

This paper proposes a novel and environmentally friendly solution for subgrade stabilization that not only contributes towards waste material recycling but also enhances the bearing capacity of soil. Laboratory plate load tests were conducted under static loads to evaluate potential use palm tree pruning (PTPW) as soil reinforcement instead commercially manufactured geotextiles, well analyse im...

Difficult terrain is characterized by deteriorated conditions for plant adaptation, e.g., owing to poor substrate, substantial land slope, or intensive insolation. In terms of difficult includes newly created ski slopes, any kind embankment, scarps, levees, and etc. Application grasses an effective economic method stabilization the ground. However, sowing grass-legume mixtures sod these areas d...