The growth of clean energies and technologies requires a sound financial market, while equity bond markets are exposed to geopolitical risks. We investigate the response green bonds newly develop decomposed measures risks, including acts, threats, narrow broad measures. To this end, we apply two robust methods; namely, cross-quantilogram quantile (QQ) approaches, estimate conditional unconditio...

in 2008, the organisation of gas exporting countries (ogec) was formally established with 11 members in doha, qatar. while having economic and business nature, the organisation is seen as the gas opec, having the potential for changing the geo-strategic and geopolitical structure of the world. therefore, it is regarded as a threat by europe and the us to the security of their energy supply. isl...

Undoubtedly, during the post-Cold War era, the fields of political competition changed and with the change in the political geography of the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus and Central Asia, as the Soviet Union collapsed and new countries emerged, the field of competition for a change in power balance not only expanded but took on a new form. Economic benefits, diversification of fossil fuels and new...

today regional integration has become the main source of concern for governments. in the era of globalization different parts of the world have formed regional groupings. realizing their geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic status, these regions have regional structures with various degrees of regionalism. geopolitical region of the caucasus is considered as one of the geopolitical regio...

Starting from an ontology draft which reflects the intended modeling perspective, the ontology engineer can be supported by suggesting similar already existing sub-ontologies and ways for integrating them with the existing draft ontology. Our approach combines syntactic, linguistic, structural and logical methods into an innovative modelingperspective aware solution for detecting matchings betw...

When developing semantic applications, constructing the underlying ontologies is a crucial part. This paper presents a view-point on the notion of ‘ontology’ and of ontology construction. Ontology construction cannot be seen in isolation, but must be considered in relation to its use. We also present two ways of conceiving ontology construction and ultimately, we survey common categories in the...