We welcome Sheppard's comments on our recent assessment of both ecological and geomorphic change at Diego Garcia Atoll in the central Indian Ocean [1]. Whilst our assessment incorporated numerous aspects of change, including movements of the lagoon rim shorelines, changes in the terrestrial vegetation on the lagoon rim and amendments to the bathymetry of the lagoon basin through dredging activi...

In an evaluation of diatoms as indicators of human disturbance in coastal ecosystems of the Laurentian Great Lakes, we characterized assemblage specificity to lake and habitat type to identify non-anthropogenic factors influencing indicator models. Surface sediment assemblages and environmental variables were collected along the U.S. coastline at 191 sample sites, which were classified by lake ...

Field investigations and interpretations of high-resolution remote sensing images reveal geomorphic features of cumulative offsets and deflections of Holocene streams and gullies along the western 450-km segment of the Kunlun fault which triggered the 2001 Mw 7.8 Kunlun earthquake in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The streams and gullies developed on Holocene alluvial fans are sinistrally displa...

The September 21, 1999, Mw 7.6 Chichi earthquake destroyed several thousand buildings and caused more than 2000 fatalities in central Taiwan. The earthquake occurred along the Chelungpu fault, a thrust fault on the western flank of the Taiwan fold-andthrust belt. The surface rupture was more than 90 km long, and vertical displacements ranged from 3 to 8 m. Although pre-existing scarps were iden...

While the Internet is increasingly mobile, seamless mobility is difficult to implement at Internet scale. Over the years, standards bodies and the research community have introduced a large and confusing collection of mobility proposals that are difficult to compare. In this tutorial, we present these mobility proposals in a uniform framework, called the geomorphic view of networking. The geomo...

Iran is well known for having countless historical and instrumental records of tectonic events. Shahriary catchment, as a study area, is part of the Zagros collision seismic province. This research aimed to introduce a new method which is useful in identifying the relative active tectonic events of an area. The research method was designed in order to calculate the relative active tectonic inde...

To predict erosion rates throughout the Andes, we conducted a multiple regression analysis of the sediment discharge from 47 drainage basins in the Bolivian Andes and various topographic, climatologic, and geologic parameters. These mountainous basins are typically large (17–81,000 km; km), often have decades of measurement mean p 11,000 data on daily water and sediment discharge, and display a...