Previous work showed the existence of changes in the topographic organization within the somatosensory cortex (SI) in amputees with phantom limb pain, however, the link between nonpainful phantom sensations such as cramping or tingling or the percept of the limb and cortical changes is less clear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a highly selective group of limb amputees ...

A solid plastic phantom has been developed with optical properties that closely match those of human breast tissue at near-IR wavelengths. The phantom is a 54-mm-thick slab containing four small cylinders of contrasting scatter and absorption. A detailed description of the phantom is followed by an account of an attempt to image the phantom by a time-resolved imaging technique. Images generated...

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Celesteion positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner, which is characterized by a large-bore and time-of-flight (TOF) function, in accordance with the NEMA NU-2 2012 standard and version 2.0 of the Japanese guideline for oncology fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT data acquisition protocol. Spatial resolutio...

As an alternative to the phantom used for calibrating whole-body counters, in this study the Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate peak efficiencies for a whole-body counter installed at the JNC, to examine the validity of using the simulation technique to calibrate the whole-body counter. Prior to simulating a phantom, the sensitive region of the crystal in the Ge detectors which are use...

Introduction The Gamma Knife system is designed solely for non-invasive treatment of brain disorders, and it benefits from stereotactic surgical techniques. Dose calculations required in the system are performed by GammaPlan code; in this code, brain tissue is considered uniform. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Gamma Knife system on the obtained dose through simulating a real ...

Electronic portal imaging device (EPID) plays an important role in radiation therapy portal imaging, geometric and dosimetric verification. Consistent image quality and stable radiation response is necessary for proper utilization that requires routine quality assurance (QA). A commercial 'EPID QC' phantom weighing 3.8 kg with a dimension of 25 × 25 × 4.8 cm³ is used for EPID QA. This device ha...

The physical basis for the measurement of Hp(10) and H*(10) in mixed high-energy electron and photon fields was developed for the general case of non-existing secondary charged particle equilibrium at the reference depth of 10 mm. Several mixed fields, with different electron fluence distributions were produced and the corresponding depth ionisation curves were measured in a Makrolon phantom. B...

Introduction: Due to nuclear interactions between the tissues and high-energy protons, the particles, including neutrons, positrons, and photons arise during proton therapy. This study aimed at investigating the dose distribution of proton and secondary particles, such as positrons, neutrons, and photons using the Monte Carlo method. Material and Methods:<...

We establish one-body reduced density matrix (1RDM) functional theory for the canonical ensemble in a finite basis set at an elevated temperature. Including temperature guarantees differentiability of universal by occupying all states and additionally not fully fermionic system. use convexity invertibility potential-to-1RDM map to show that subgradient contains only one element which is equival...