Abstract. When solving hydrodynamic equations in spherical or cylindrical geometry using explicit finite-difference schemes, a major difficulty is that the time step greatly restricted by clustering of azimuthal cells near pole due to Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition. This paper adapts averaging–reconstruction (ring average) technique schemes order mitigate constraint and coordinates. The ring...

Alignment of latitude and longitude for all pixels is important for geo-stationary meteorological satellite (GSMS) images. To align landmarks and non-landmarks in the GSMS images, we propose a geometry-based global alignment method. Firstly, the Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Geography (GSHHG) database and GSMS images are expressed as feature maps by geometric coding. Acc...

The most common approach for geometric correction is the use of mapping polynomial. . It depends on selection of several clearly discernible points, called ground control points (GCPs), in the distorted image, and map them either to their true positions in ground coordinates (e.g. latitude, longitude) measured from a map, or to georeferenced image (corrected before), coordinates of correspondin...

Many references to geographic locations are made linguistically, using words to describe the location in terms of objects inthe landscape and the relations among them. In order to attach coordinates to these locations, one must be able to identify them in adatabase which contains representations of the objects and relations as well as coordinates for these features. This article ass...

South Asian populations harbor a high degree of genetic diversity, due in part to demographic history. Two studies on genome-wide variation in Indian populations have shown that most Indian populations show varying degrees of admixture between ancestral north Indian and ancestral south Indian components. As a result of this structure, genetic variation in India appears to follow a geographic cl...

data typing: On many occasions, we needed to pass data which contained more than a single primitive type, such as for example, GPS coordinates consisting of latitude and longitude pairs, database row entries consisting of several column fields, and search results consisting of several attributes. Our initial approach was to pass this data in as function

I. Prefatory Notes 1. Fields and slopes. A function of two variables is called a “field” by the physicists, maybe because it might be describing a topography in which the height of the surface above, say sea level, is a function of two coordinates, say the longitude and latitude. To be precise, physics would call this a scalar field (because the height is a single number at each point) in two d...

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the major health problems that is unexpectedly prevalent in Iran. The ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sunlight are the most important source of vitamin D in humans. In contrast, environmental factors are one of the reasons for decrease in UV transmission to the earth which results in the reduction of vitamin D absorption. Since the role of environmental factors has b...