Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can increase risk for acquisition and transmission of HIV via a number of mechanisms, including breaching of mechanical barriers to infection, increased inflammation and higher levels of HIV cellular targets, and increased genital tract HIV levels. Studies in Malawi clinic populations indicate that treatment of STDs can reduce genital tract HIV levels. Work ...

Oct 29, 2016. Having leukocytes in the urine may signal an infection.. Chemical test strips can pick up substances known as leukocyte esterase and or for women who may have leukocytes introduced into the urine from their genital canal when giving a sample.. Doctors tend to shorten urinary tract infection to UTI. Gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), particu...

BACKGROUND The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via heterosexual intercourse is unknown. We sought to determine whether the presence of inflammatory cells in the vagina is associated with the presence of genital tract HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA. METHODS Analysis of a longitudinal prospective cohort was performed. Women with HIV-1 infection were assessed with use of pai...

Sir—We read with great interest the article by Ramsey and colleagues [1]. In their study, they concluded that imiquimod had no efficacy in controlling Chlamydia trachomatis MoPn (mouse pneumonitis agent) infection in a murine model of female genital tract infection. Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that induces the production of an array of essentially Th1 response promoting cytokines, ...

Microbiota is a cluster of physiological and pathogenic microorganisms found in many tissues organs living things, including such as bacteria, viruses, fungi. has important roles on system functions immune system, urinary digestive system. However, these can cause obstruction the genital tract, epididymitis orchitis, thus may lead to infertility. In addition, apathogenic viruses fungi have nega...

Chlamydiae are intracellular, gram-negative, and prokaryotic microorganisms. Capable of causing disease in many mammalian avian species, there three types that cause humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, pneumoniae, psittaci. Among the chlamydia C. trachomatis is most studied encountered type because it a leading trachoma sexually transmitted diseases. known pathogen genital tract, can also be routine...