Frequency control, as an ancillary service, is usually provided by generation reserves. In modern generating units the ramp rate limit can be selected; e.g. their ramp rate can be selected to be either normal or fast. In this paper, the impact of selecting the fast ramp rate of generating units on electricity price and its volatility is investigated in simultaneous scheduling of energy and prim...

Load frequency control includes the operating system and functions that provide real time balance of load and generation. On the other hand, depending on technical capabilities and operational constraints, generating units may be classified for participating in frequency control. Simultaneous scheduling of generation together with primary reserve, in market based power system, has been investig...

In this research, the second Law for free convection of air flow in L-shaped enclosure with a heat generating body, is numerically studied. In this study, the continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved, using a finite volume method and SIMPLER algorithm. By positioning the heat generating body at three different locations inside the enclosure for three aspect ratios of enclosure in va...

Background and purpose: The gastroretentive drug delivery systems can be retained in the stomach due to low bulk density. This assist in improving the oral sustained delivery of drugs that have an absorption window in a particular region of the gastrointestinal tract. These systems release the drug content before reaching the absorption site and provide optimal bioavailability. Several approach...