BACKGROUND There is urgent need for effective HIV prevention methods that women can initiate. The CAPRISA 004 trial showed that a tenofovir-based vaginal microbicide had significant impact on HIV incidence among women. This study uses the trial findings to estimate the population-level impact of the gel on HIV and HSV-2 transmission, and price thresholds at which widespread product introduction...

The risk of inadequate hand hygiene in food handling settings is exacerbated when water is limited or unavailable, thereby making washing with soap and water difficult. The SaniTwice method involves application of excess alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS), hand "washing" for 15 s, and thorough cleaning with paper towels while hands are still wet, followed by a standard application of ABHS. Thi...

INTRODUCTION Hand hygiene is one of the cornerstones of the prevention of health care-associated infection, but health care worker (HCW) compliance with good practices remains low. Alcohol-based handrub is the new standard for hand hygiene action worldwide and usually requires a system change for its successful introduction in routine care. Product acceptability by HCWs is a crucial step in thi...

Three gel formulations (1%, 3%, and 5% [wt/wt]) of SPL7013, a dendrimer known to have antiviral (anti-human immunodeficiency virus and anti-herpes simplex virus) activities, completed a range of preclinical tests in the pigtailed macaque models for vaginally and rectally applied topical microbicide safety assessments. The vaginal safety profile of the 3% SPL7013 gel formulation was equal to tha...

Binary aggregation is known to lead, under certain kinetic rules, to the coexistence of two populations, one consisting of finite-size clusters (sol), and one that contains a single cluster that carries a finite fraction of the total mass (giant component or gel). The sol-gel transition is commonly discussed as a phase transition by qualitative analogy to vapor condensation. Here we show that t...

Sifuvirtide is a proven effective HIV-1 entry inhibitor and its safety profile has been established for systemic administration. The present study evaluated the potential of sifuvirtide formulated in a universal gel for topical use as a microbicide candidate for preventing sexual transmission of HIV. Our data showed that sifuvirtide formulated in HEC gel is effective against HIV-1 B, C subtypes...

Rice noodles is a common food, but it faced with the characteristics of hard texture and poor nutrition after aging. Quinoa rich in dietary fiber nutritious can enrich color taste rice noodles. In this paper, red quinoa used as an additive, gelatinization time, added amount, water are selected influencing factors on single factor basis, hardness gel response value to carry out experiments optim...

We present a fast and simple protocol for large-scale preparation and purification of RNA oligonucleotides. RNA oligonucleotides are prepared by in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase from linearized plasmid DNA templates constructed by PCR. In place of denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), size-exclusion chromatography is employed to purify the RNA oligonucleotide from t...

Rotavirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from ten faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves positive for group A rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A portion of the extracted RNA was run in polyacrylamide gel to determine the presence of rotaviral RNA and the rest subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to generate the near full length VP7 gene...

The products synthesized in vitro by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase isolated from influenza virus-infected BHK21-F cells were analyzed by velocity sedimentation, annealing techniques, and acrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. Approximately 50% of the RNA synthesized in vitro remains associated with the 50 to 70S ribonucleoprotein complex containing polymerase activity; the remainder of the R...