Reversible single-target gates are a generalization of Toffoli gates which are a helpful formal representation for the description of synthesis algorithms but are too general for an actual implementation based on some technology. There is an exponential lower bound on the number of Toffoli gates required to implement any reversible function, however, there is also a linear upper bound on the nu...

XOR & AND gates are most important basic building blocks of any VLSI applications. These gates can be implemented in different architectures by using different circuit designs techniques. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of various design techniques of XOR-AND gates. The performances of these techniques have been evaluated by Tanner Tools V13 using the 90nm CMOS technology. In ...

In this paper we generalize the usual model of quantum computer to a model in which the state is an operator of density matrix and the gates are general superoperators (quantum operations), not necessarily unitary. A mixed state (operator of density matrix) of n twolevel quantum system (open or closed n-qubit system) is considered as an element of 4dimensional operator Hilbert space (Liouville ...

Mapping a circuit of reversible gates to a circuit of elementary quantum gates is a key step in synthesizing quantum realizations of Boolean functions. The library containing NOT, controlled-NOT and controlled square-root-of-NOT gates has been considered extensively. In this paper, we extend the library to include fourth-root-of-NOT gates. Experimental results using REVLIB benchmark circuits sh...

Constructing a set of universal quantum gates is a fundamental task for quantum computation. The existence of noises, disturbances and fluctuations is unavoidable during the process of implementing quantum gates for most practical quantum systems. This paper employs a sampling-based learning method to find robust control pulses for generating a set of universal quantum gates. Numerical results ...

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are nanoscale digital logic constructs that use electrons in arrays of quantum dots to carry out binary operations. In this paper, a basic building block for QCA will be proposed. The proposed basic building block can be customized to implement classical gates, such as XOR and XNOR gates, and reversible gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli gates, with less cell co...

In this paper we investigate single electron tunneling (SET) devices from the logic design perspective, using the SET tunnel junction’s ability to control the transport of individual electrons. More in particular, we investigate the behavior of a family of single electron encoded logic (SEEL) gates, consisting of a 2-input AND gate, a 2-input OR gate and a NOT gate, and simulate the gates. A ch...

For classical circuits, both {AND, NOT} and the single-gate set {NAND} are universal. To nd universal sets of quantum gates, we use the quantum circuit model, in which each gate is represented by a 2 by 2 unitary matrix. Composition of gates is done by multiplying these matrices. The space of operations generated by a set of gates is a subgroup of the unitary group U (2) (or SU (2), ignoring gl...

the usage of turbochargers in diesel engines has led to the downsizing of the motors as well as usage of the waste gates in turbochargers. any dimensional reduction in turbochargers and appurtenant leads to an enhancement on the performance of internal combustion engines and in environmental problems in terms of aerodynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical specifications for both engines and turbo...

In this paper, logical masking capability of commonly used logic gates such as NOT, AND/NAND, OR/NOR, and XOR/XNOR, when subject to single/multiple input faults, are analyzed from a mathematical perspective. A new metric, called Gate Error Metric (GEM) is proposed to study the extent of output error in these gates when subject to potential input fault occurrences, where less value of GEM implie...