The production of formic acid (HCOOH) in cold and hot regions of the interstellar medium is not well understood. Recent gas-phase experiments and gas-grain models hint at a solid-state production process at low temperatures. Several surface reaction schemes have been proposed in the past decades, even though experimental evidence for their efficiency was largely lacking. The aim of this work is...

In Part I, analytical solutions were given for the non-linear isothermal heterogeneous conversion of a porous solid particle. Account was taken of a reaction rate of general order with respect to the gas reactant, intrinsic reaction surface area and effective pore diffusion, which change with solid conversion and external film transport. In this part, the analytical solutions are extended to no...

Reaction of a nickel(0) carbonyl complex, K(2)[L(tBu)NiCO](2), with N(2)O generates a cyclic carbonate compound composed of six [Ni(II)(CO(3))K](+) units. The same product can also be obtained using O(2) as the oxidant in a solid-state/gas reaction. These conversions represent unique examples of a nickel-bound CO oxidation by N(2)O and O(2), respectively.

Design of optimal microstructures for infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes is a complicated process because of the multitude of the electrochemical and physical phenomena taking place in the electrodes in different temperatures, current densities and reactant flow rates. In this study, a stochastic geometric modeling method is used to create a range of digitally realized infi...

Converting CO2 into high-value fuels and chemicals by renewable-electricity-powered electrochemical reduction reaction (CRR) is a viable approach toward carbon-emissions-neutral processes. Unlike the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of at solid-gas interface, CRR takes place three-phase gas/solid/liquid interface near electrode surface in aqueous solution, which leads to major challenges including...

n this work, computational fluid dynamics of the flow behavior in a cold flow of fluidized bed is studied. An improved finite volume based finite element method has been introduced to solve the two-phase gas/solid flow hydrodynamic equations. This method uses a collocated grid, where all variables are located at the nodal points. The fluid dynamic model for gas/solid two-phase flow is based on ...

Using in situ 3D electron diffraction on SrFeO x nanocrystals during the solid–gas redox reaction, we uncovered oxygen-vacancy ordering and domain formation not observable by bulk techniques.

the local solid flow structure of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed was investigated to identify and characterize the particle clusters. extensive mathematical calculations were carried out using the energy-minimization multi-scale (emms) approach for evaluating cluster properties including the velocity, the size and the void fraction of clusters in the dense phase of the bed. the results showed...

A promising strategy for the controlled synthesis of inorganic/polymeric nanocomposites may be sustained by fabricating cross-linked PbS nanoparticles/polymer composite thin films through combining surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and gas/solid reaction. The introduction of Pb ions through the extension of surface-initiated ATRP to the monomers containing metal ions...