Understanding the infrared emission of galaxies is critical to observational and theoretical investigations of the condensation of galaxies out of the intergalactic medium and the conversion of gas into stars over cosmic time. From an observational perspective, about half of all photons emitted within galaxies are locally absorbed by dust grains, necessitating a self-consistent analysis of the ...

An iteration procedure that relates pressure and volume changes in the condensation of a gas by means of two independent relations of the volume and the effective pressure predicts abrupt volume transitions similar to those experimentally observed. Similar abrupt transitions are predicted for a molecular association in which the association free energy is dependent upon the extent of reaction. ...

HIGucIiI et al. (1977) proposed the existence of Tl-rich and Tl-poor “mysterite” to explain Tl and Bi contents of dark clasts in the Supuhee H6 chondrite and of bulk Supuhee. They suggested that these two components formed by gas-dust fractionation during condensation. An aliquot of one of the clasts studied by Higuchi et al. and found to contain Tl-poor mysterite was analyzed by instrumental n...

This article surveys a number of theoretical problems and open questions in the field of two-dimensional dilute Bose gases with weak repulsive interactions. In contrast to three dimensions, in two dimensions the formation of long-range order is prohibited by the Bogoliubov-Hohenberg theorem, and Bose-Einstein condensation is not expected to be realized. Nevertheless, the first experimental indi...

Phase transitions are ubiquitous in our three-dimensional world. By contrast, most conventional transitions do not occur in infinite uniform low-dimensional systems because of the increased role of thermal fluctuations. The crossover between these situations constitutes an important issue, dramatically illustrated by Bose-Einstein condensation: a gas strongly confined along one direction of spa...

Abstract. We present a new particle based code with a multi-phase description of the ISM implemented in order to follow the chemo-dynamical evolution of galaxies. The multi-phase ISM consists of clouds (sticky particles) and diffuse gas (SPH): Exchange of matter, energy and momentum is achieved by drag (due to ram pressure) and condensation or evaporation. Based on time scales we show that in M...

A scenario of galaxy formation is put forward which is a process of sudden condensation just after recombination. It is essentially based on the fact that the cosmic matter gas after recombination is a general relativistic Boltzmann gas which runs within a few 10 years into a state very close to collision–dominated equilibrium. The mass spectrum of axially symmetric condensation ”drops” extends...

The CFD code GASFLOW solves the time-dependent compressible Navier-Stokes Equations with multiple gas species. GASFLOW was developed for non nuclear and nuclear application. The major nuclear applications of GASFLOW are 3D analyses of steam/hydrogen distributions in complex PWR containment buildings to simulate scenarios of beyond design basis accidents. Validation of GASFLOW has been a continu...

We compare two techniques for following the cooling of gas and its condensation into galaxies within high resolution simulations of cosmologically representative regions. Both techniques treat the dark matter using N -body methods. One follows the gas using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) while the other uses simplified recipes from semi-analytic (SA) models. We compare the masses and loc...