Attine ants engage in a quadripartite symbiosis with fungi they cultivate for food, specialized garden parasites, and parasite-inhibiting bacteria. Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports an ancient host-pathogen association between the ant-cultivar mutualism and the garden parasite. Here we show that ants rear the antibiotic-producing bacteria in elaborate cuticular crypts, supported by uniqu...

Vivek Kumar Chandra Shekhar Yadav Sudip Kumar Datta Satyender Singh Rafat S. Ahmed Sanjay Goel Sanjay Gupta Md. Mustafa Rajesh Kumar Grover and Basu Dev Banerjeea,∗ Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India Department of Surgery, University Co...

this study compares differences between japan and austria as regarding outdoor activities. we conducted a survey with respect to the utility patterns of kairakuen garden in mito city, ibaraki prefecture, which is one of the three major historical gardens in japan noted for its beauty. this paper compares the results of our survey with a study of the recreational and spatial utility of the hist...