Manipulative endoparasites can alter the behaviour and the physiology of their intermediate hosts in ways that increase the probability of successful transmission to the final host. This requires that the parasite is able to circumvent its host's immune defence. Successful immune evasion may depend on host-parasite coevolutionary history and the appearance of new hosts invading the local host p...

The subtle effects of sea water acidification on the amphipod Gammarus locusta C. Hauton, T. Tyrrell, and J. Williams School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, Hants, SO14 3ZH, UK Received: 17 November 2008 – Accepted: 17 November 2008 – Published: 15 January 2009 Correspondence to: C. Hauton ([email protected]) Pub...

Despite the unprecedented development in identification and characterization of prophenoloxidase (proPO) in commercially important decapods, little is known about the evolutionary relationship, rate of amino acid replacement and differential selection pressures operating on proPO of different species of decapods. Here we report the evolutionary relationship among these nine decapod species base...

Biomonitoring, assumed to be an integrative measurement of the chemical exposure of aquatic organisms, is not straightforward for essential metals because they can be actively regulated by animals. Although increasing bioaccumulation with exposure levels is a crucial endpoint for the development of biomonitors, it is rarely verified in real environments, where the metal concentrations are rathe...

Large numbers of a distinctive trachymedusa were observed at 1967 m depth just above the bottom in Suruga Bay, Japan, during a dive by the crewed submersible Shinkai 2000 in April 2002. Two individuals were collected and proved to be an undescribed species, herein described as Voragonema tatsunoko sp. nov. This species is characterised by the number (9) and shape of the centripetal canals. An i...