High linear energy transfer (LET) heavy charged particles have previously been applied clinically to human cancer radiotherapy because of their excellent physical properties of selective dose distribution and higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for human; however, such an approach has yet to be applied to cat patients. The present study investigates the biological effectiveness of lo...

Background: Spindle trees (Euonymus japonica Thunb.) growing in an industrial complex area containing pollutants is chronically injured thus need to build up their resistance. Antioxidant enzymes and cell membrane stability have been widely used to differentiate stress tolerance. Materials and Methods: Leaves of spindle trees from a clean control area (Kijang) and an industrial area (Onsan) whe...

Electromagnetic radiation that does not penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, like gamma-rays and X rays, is usually studied by telescopes carried above the atmosphere in satellites. As a result, these detectors are limited in size and very costly. Moreover, the flux of very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays (energies above ~ 100 GeV) is so small that even the largest space-based gamma-ray telescopes ca...

We obtained new upper limits on the diffuse gamma rays from the inner Galactic (IG) and outer Galactic (OG) planes in 3-10 TeV region, using the Tibet air shower data and new Monte Carlo simulation results. A difference of the effective area of the air-shower array for observing gamma rays and cosmic rays was carefully taken into account in this analysis, resulting in that the flux upper limits...

GRB990123 was a long complex gamma-ray burst with an optical transient that started early within the gamma-ray phase (Akerlof et al. 1999a, Akerlof et al. 1999b). The peak and power law decay of the early optical emission strongly indicates the presence of a decelerating relativistic shell during that phase. Prior to this burst, it was not known if the shell decelerated during the burst, so an ...

The observation of TeV-gamma rays of π 0 origin from the supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 might have revealed the first specific site where protons are accelerated to energies typical of the main component of the cosmic rays. In this letter we calculate the high-energy neutrino flux associated with this source to be 40 muon-type neutrinos per kilometer-squared per year. We perform the same cal...

Cosmic rays are particles (mostly protons) accelerated to relativistic speeds. Despite wide agreement that supernova remnants (SNRs) are the sources of galactic cosmic rays, unequivocal evidence for the acceleration of protons in these objects is still lacking. When accelerated protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma rays. This offers ...

In the present study we investigated the comparative genotoxic potential of laser rays and gamma rays on somatic and gametic cells of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Mutagenic parameters like mitotic and meiotic consequences were accessed from the plants that showed a linear relationship between dose absorbed and chromosomal anomalies. A wide spectrum of chromosomal aberrations was encount...

The majority of galactic gamma rays are produced by interaction of cosmic rays with matter or radiation fields. This results in a diffuse radiation concentrated in the galactic plane where the flux of cosmic rays and the density of material (mostly atomic, molecular and ionized hydrogen) is high. The interactions producing gamma rays include the decay of π produced in spallation reactions and i...