: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause chickenpox (varicella zoster) and shingles (herpes zoster). Herpes affect cranial nerves but rarely impacts the glossopharyngeal nerve (GN) in isolation. We present a literature review examining primary research—published between 2012 2022—reporting herpes affecting GN, while also reporting case of 57-year-old male who presented to his health physician w...

A 26-year-old female presented with blistering skin lesions since infancy, hair loss, proximal motor weakness, nasal tone speech, swallowing problem, and droopy eyes. Upon neurological examination, normal cognition, inability to walk unassisted, bilateral ptosis a full range of extraocular movements, weak gag reflex, generalized muscle atrophy, decreased deep tendon reflexes were detected. Her ...

the term reflex epilepsy in reserved for a small subgroup o seizures that occur regularly in response to specific stimuli. our patient is a 20- year old male, who had pleasure, euphoria, loss of conciousness and generalized tonic- clonic convulstion when he watched tv since ten years. during puberty the patient that self-induced reflex epilepsy with photic stimulation, when watching tv or looki...

profound bradycardia during eye surgery is a potentially serious event. in clinical practice oculo-cardiac reflex (ocr) is most often encountered during squint surgery. the objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of ocr and prove the effect of ketamine as an induction drug and anticholinergic premedication (atropine) to prevent ocr. this study comprised 90 patients (aged 4-10 years...

objective: cartilage mass produced from mesenchymal stem cell (msc) differentiation would be a suitable candidate for use in regenerative medicine. since the proper function of cartilage tissue is largely dependent on matrix glycosaminoglycan (gag) contents, the objective of this study was to investigate the enhancing effect of two gsk3 inhibitors on the gag content of cartilage produced by hum...

The level of sedation in patients undergoing medical procedures is decided to assure unconsciousness and prevent pain. The monitors of depth of anesthesia, based on the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), have been progressively introduced into the daily practice to provide additional information about the state of the patient. However, the quantification of analgesia still remains an o...