This policy brief reports on the activity of online platforms during COVID-19 crisis. Google Trends data for OECD and other G20 countries indicate that in some areas (such as retail sales, restaurant delivery, mobile payments) online-platform use increased markedly first half 2020, when most imposed lockdown physical distancing measures. Thus, this period, economic transactions may have shifted...

Is investment cash-flow sensitivity affected by a country’s capital market imperfection? We take 42 countries as our sample and collect six imperfect capital market measures (ICAM), ie., the stock market capitalization ratio, number of publicly-listed firm, stock turnover ratio, bank loan ratio, long-term debt ratio and the interest spread. Using a two-step approach, negative relationships betw...

Article history: Received 4 July 2009 Received in revised form 26 May 2012 Accepted 3 August 2012 Available online 5 October 2012 Controlling for country-level governance, we investigate how firms' corporate governance influences financing constraints. Using firm-level corporate governance rankings across 14 emerging markets, we find that better corporate governance lowers the dependence of eme...

Religious entities play significant roles in the current refugee/ forced migration crisis. These roles include innovative and experience based ideas to address broken aspects of the humanitarian system, overall advocacy on behalf of refugees and migrants based on humanitarian and spiritual principles, direct action in refugee camps and communities, action in communities that refugees and migran...

This paper proposes three models of social capital and growth that incorporate different perspectives on the concept of social capital and the empirical evidence gathered to date. In these models, social capital impacts growth by assisting in the accumulation of human capital, by affecting financial development through its effects on collective trust and social norms, and by facilitating networ...

In today's day and age, there is a new world comprised of novel terms like virtual reality, environment or worlds. Virtual worlds allow participants to buy sell goods services using currency. Therefore, transactions bring large amounts income. countries that have adopted the recommendations OECD G20 countries, tax regulations begun be made on subject. The study aims discuss taxation problems ar...

Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on environment. This paper presents a study about inclusive impact factors environment by analyzing association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) Legatum Prosperity (LPI), under Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we deve...