Optimizing traffic flow is essential for easing congestion. However, even when globally optimal, coordinated, and individualized routes are provided, users may choose alternative which offer lower individual costs. By analyzing the impact of selfish route choices on performance using cavity method, we find that a small ratio improves global uncoordinated transportation networks but degrades eff...

This report addresses the difficult situation in which a patient or surrogate decision maker wishes cardiopulmonary resuscitation to be attempted even though the physician believes that resuscitation efforts would be futile. It also reviews current controversies surrounding the subject of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders and medical futility, discusses the complex medical, legal, and ethical con...

The concept of futility has been a source of discussion for many years. Even though it is tempting to propose that an action or clinical intervention should be deemed futile if it does not achieve the goals of that action, further clarification is needed in terms of the nature of the likely outcomes of an intervention and the probabilities of various outcomes being achieved. The outcome, in an ...

As shared last level caches are widely used in many-core CMPs to boost system performance, partitioning a large shared cache among multiple concurrently running applications becomes increasingly important in order to reduce destructive interference. However, while recent works start to show the promise of using replacement-based partitioning schemes, such existing schemes either suffer from sev...

The current demographical trend towards an increasingly elderly population combined with advances in end of life care calls for a deeper understanding and common terminology about the concept of futility and additional influences on the resuscitation decision-making process. Such improved understanding of medical futility and other contributing factors when making DNACPR orders would help to en...