Combining morphological and genetic analysis, we compared patterns of diversification within and between morphs among sympatric European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) populations in Lake Femund, Norway. Seven external populations, from potential colonization routes into Lake Femund were included. We found that deep-, shallow-, river- and bay spawning populations are distinct morphs in Lake...

Given a nite set V of points in the plane (called terminals), the rectilinear Steiner minimal tree is a shortest network of horizontal and vertical lines connecting all the terminals of V. The decision form of this problem has been shown to be NP-complete 8]. A new algorithm is presented that computes provably optimal Steiner trees using the \FST concatenation" approach. In the \FST generation"...

It is shown that in a hierarchical island model, in which demes within a neighborhood exchange migrants at a much higher rate than do demes in different neighborhoods, hierarchical F statistics introduced by S. Wright can indicate the extent of gene flow within and between neighborhoods. At equilibrium, the within-neighborhood inbreeding coefficient, FSN, is approximately 1/(1 + 4Nm1) where N i...

In this paper we describe our work involving the conversion of our phonologically-based synthesizer into a finite-state transducer (FST) representation which can be used for real-time natural-sounding synthesis. We have designed a transducer structure to efficiently perform the common task of unit selection in concatenative speech synthesis. By encapsulating domainindependent concatenative synt...

Finite-State Transducers (FST) are a standard tool for modeling paired inputoutput sequences and are used in numerous applications, ranging from computational biology to natural language processing. Recently Balle et al. [4] presented a spectral algorithm for learning FST from samples of aligned input-output sequences. In this paper we address the more realistic, yet challenging setting where t...

There is an error in the third sentence of the sixth paragraph of the Introduction. The correct sentence is: There are three widely accepted scenarios of QST—FST comparisons, (i) no effect of selection (QST FST); (ii) diversifying selection (QST > FST); (iii) convergent selection (QST < FST) [51–52]. There is an error in the fourth sentence of the second paragraph of the Assessment of quantitat...

F ST and kinship are key parameters often estimated in modern population genetics studies order to quantitatively characterize structure relatedness. Kinship matrices have also become a fundamental quantity used genome-wide association heritability estimation. The most frequently-used estimators of method-of-moments whose accuracies depend strongly on the existence simple underlying forms struc...

The present study examined the effect of citalopram (7.5 and 15 mg/kg) in the modified forced swim test (FST) in Wistar rats, in comparison to the effect of desipramine at the same doses. The citalopram at both doses increased swimming behavior, at the cost of climbing and immobility. The administration of desipramine increased climbing behavior while immobility counts were decreased. The modif...

Changes in the hair cycle underlie age-related alopecia, but the causative mechanisms have remained unclear. Chen et al. point to an imbalance between stem cell-activating and -inhibitory signals as the key determinant of age-related regenerative decline. Further, they identify a secreted protein, follistatin, that may be able to shift the balance toward renewal.