The effect of a sharp low-level temperature inversion on flow over a mountain is investigated via a series of two-dimensional idealized numerical model simulations. The main focus of the study is the effect of the inversion on the formation of lee waves, lee-wave rotors, low-level hydraulic jumps and the occurrence of wave breaking aloft. The idealized problem considered consists of an upwind v...

Understanding locomotor energetics is imperative, because energy expended during locomotion, a requisite feature of primate subsistence, is lost to reproduction. Although metabolic energy expenditure can only be measured in extant species, using the equations of motion to calculate mechanical energy expenditure offers unlimited opportunities to explore energy expenditure, particularly in extinc...

Centrifuging of granular material in a partially filled rotating circular tumbler occurs when particles are flung outward to form a ring of particles at the periphery of the tumbler rotating as a solid body. The critical rotation speed for centrifuging was studied experimentally in a quasi-two-dimensional tumbler as a function of particle diameter, tumbler fill fraction and interstitial fluid. ...

For flow at a fixed gap ratio and Froude number, two distinctly different wake states are observed with the flow passing over the cylinder tending to switch from a state of attachment to the free surface, to one of separation from it, and then back again in a pseudo periodic fashion. The two dimensional numerically predicted behaviour is found to compare favourably with the experimental observa...

The study concerns an experimental investigation in the laboratory of the water erosion using a rainfall simulator. We have focused our attention on the influence of rainfall intensity on some hydraulic characteristics. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a significant correlation between rainfall intensity and hydraulic characteristics of runoff (Reynolds number, Froude num...

Every year a large number of bridges flooding in the river just when they most need them there destroy all born. Carried out. In this study, the four fulcrum forms a semi-circular, trapezoidal, rectangular edges rounded rectangle 90 degrees at 70 degrees in Sagittarius with four different discharges depth of constant scouring around the abutment in pure water were examined. For material of flum...

In this Letter, we experimentally investigate the collapse of initially dry granular media into water and the subsequent impulse waves. We systematically characterize the influence of the slope angle and the granular material on the initial amplitude of the generated leading wave and the evolution of its amplitude during the propagation. The experiments show that whereas the evolution of the le...