Background Ziziphi spinosae semen (ZSS), dry mature seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow., are widely used in the treatment insomnia, fright palpitations, and profuse dreaming medical treatments. The counterfeit species ZSS, mauritianae (ZMS), Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HDT) from incurva Roxb. acerba Lindl., respectively. However, pharmacopeia is not recorded for ZMS H...