Since the work of Mac-Dowell-Mansouri it is well known that gravity can be written as a gauge theory for the de Sitter group. In this paper we consider the coupling of this theory to the simplest gauge invariant observables that is, Wilson lines. The dynamics of these Wilson lines is shown to reproduce exactly the dynamics of relativistic particles coupled to gravity, the gauge charges carried ...

We discuss the localized tachyon condensation in the non-supersymmetric orbifold theories by taking the cosmological constant as the measure of degrees of freedom. We show that both localized and delocalized degrees of freedom encode information on the process of localized tachyon condensation: the former encodes in the c-function given by the lightest tachyon mass, and the latter in the g-func...

The Status of Spontaneous Order in von Hayek’s Theory of Freedom and Its Educational Implications M. Moosivand Y. Ghaa’edi, Ph.D. S. Zarghaami, Ph.D. A. R. Mahmoodniyaa, Ph.D. The history of human thought shows that the concept of freedom and its use in different frameworks has been a major topic of discussion in philosophy. Within the educational system, freedom ...

The paper describes issues involved in a novel computational approach to non-linear structural analysis. The method is called a physics engine, which has been widely used in computer games and other visually-oriented simulations, but little used in structural engineering. The paper describes an implementation which models a structure as a collection of point masses in a time-step simulation. Th...

One of the benefits of online journalism has been the enhancement of freedom of expression among the Arab online population [1,2]. Many Arab countries have a long and rich history of practicing censorship of traditional mass media [3]. However, the technological developments of the 1990s helped to establish new media that have begun to change the landscape of the relationship between the govern...

We outline the current state of knowledge regarding geometric inequalities of systolic type, and prove new results, including systolic freedom in dimension 4.

The need for compatibility between degrees of freedom of various elements is a major problem encountered in practice during the modeling of complex structures; the problem is generally solved by an additional rotational degree of freedom [1-3]. This present paper investigates possible improvements to the performances of strain based cylindrical shell finite element [4] by introducing an additio...