BACKGROUND New vaccine designs are needed to control diseases associated with antigenically variable RNA viruses. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock that inflicts severe economic losses. Although the current whole-virus chemically inactivated vaccine has proven effective, it has led to new outbreaks of FMD because of incomplete inactivation of the virus or ...

This study aims to explore the farmers' perceptions of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination using a reflexive research method called Q methodology. A structured sample was composed of 46 farmers selected according to gender, farming experience, level of education, and production type. Statements relevant to the farmers' perceptions of and attitudes toward FMD vaccination, related to confide...

BACKGROUND Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the peripheral arteries may be impaired in chronic heart failure (CHF), and this could contribute to the increased peripheral resistance and exercise intolerance that occur with this disease. Physical exercise improves the FMD of large conduit arteries in CHF, but whether a similar impairment also occurs in smaller arteries is unknown. The mechanisms...

Despite representing the majority of the world's foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)-susceptible livestock, sheep and goats have generally been neglected with regard to their epidemiological role in the spread of FMD. In the present investigations, FMD virus quadrivalent double emulsion (Montanide ISA 206) vaccines were tested in sheep. The oil adjuvant elicited a better immune response at any time th...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious diseases of animal livestock in the world in terms of economic impact. FMD is endemic in the dry zone of Sri Lanka and considered to be a common disease among cattle and buffaloes in this area. A massive epidemic in 2014 swept through all the Provinces, resulting in 58,645 cases and 1,265 deaths, the largest number recorded since 1987. ...

foot -and- mouth disease (fmd) is one of the most important virus disease in farm animals. types o, a and asia1 fmd virus have been endemic in iran. in these study, samples from suspected livestock were analyzed by rt-pcr experiment. the number of 702 nucleotides determined at 1d -2b region of type a strain isolated from khorasan razavi province sequenced and compared with that of other reporte...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral affects all cloven- hoofed animals. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of FMD in Egypt during 2017 and 2018, based on antigenic genetic characterizations virus (FMDV). Thirty oral epithelia were collected from vaccinated animals (14 native cattle 16 water buffaloes) showed clinical signs four Egyptia...

BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important and highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. Virus isolation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the gold standard tests for diagnosis of FMD. As these methods are time consuming, assays based on viral nucleic acid amplification have been developed. RESULTS A previou...