to go smoke-free should be left to the businesses themselves and that if these policies are good for their establishment, owners will voluntarily adopt them. The tobacco industry has supported these arguments with claims that smoke-free policies result in lost revenue for restaurants, bars, and other hospitality establishments; fewer jobs in the hospitality sector; and business closings (KPMG, ...

Nationwide efforts to protect the public against the health effects of secondhand smoke have prompted college and university administrators to adopt more restrictive smoking policies. Some campus officials are concerned that new policies will lead to student backlash, increased staff workloads, and an increased economic burden. To understand the impact of smoke-free residence hall policies, we ...

This study analyzes an inventory control problem of a company in stochastic demand environment under carbon emissions regulations. In particular, a continuous review inventory model with multiple suppliers is investigated under carbon taxing and carbon trading regulations. We analyze and compare the optimal (Q,R) policies with order splitting under two ordering policies: sequential ordering and...

The length of the third stage of labour is a potential modifiable risk factor for postpartum haemorrhage at vaginal delivery, but there is no definitive evidence that early intervention to remove the placenta manually will prevent postpartum haemorrhage. We report a wide variation between countries in Europe in policies about the timing of manual removal of placenta. Two groups of countries wit...

Objective To provide a nontraditional source of data to university policymakers regarding student, faculty, and staff approval of university smoke/tobacco-free policies, as published through campus newspaper articles. Methods From January to April 2016, a total of 2523 articles were retrieved concerning campus smoking/tobacco at 4-year, public universities. Of these, 54 articles met the inclu...

Proactive governments anticipate people’s needs and respond to them rapidly, increasing accessibility satisfaction with public services reducing administrative burdens. The strategic ethical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), such as that promoted by the OECD AI Principles Recommendation Council on Artificial Intelligence, can help achieve this vision.

While the horror of the Nazi medical experiments has been unanimously acknowledged, debate continues over whether results of those experiments which are scientifically sound should be used and cited in publications and, by extension, over whether any ethically-suspect research should be cited or published. The author consulted persons in such diverse disciplines as medical journalism, Holocaus...