To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. Cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, ...

A newly identified hantavirus, tentatively called Four Corners virus (FCV), was found to be the aetiological agent of a 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States. Immunodominant epitopes of 43 and 31 amino acids were identified in the nucleocapsid protein and G1 glycoprotein, respectively. The G1 genes of different hantaviruses are highly divergent, ...

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a rodent-borne zoonosis, has been endemic in the Americas for at least several decades. It is hypothesized that the 1991-1992 El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) caused increased precipitation that allowed an increase in rodent population densities, thereby increasing the possibility of transmission to humans. The result was a 1993-1994 outbreak of th...

Rectilinear Steiner Minimal Tree (RSMT) is one of the key problems in VLSI/ULSI physical design [1]. Given n points in a plane, a RSMT problem is to connect these points through some extra points called Steiner points to achieve a tree with minimal total wire length [2-4]. With the trend toward IPblock-based SoC design, the macro cells, such as memories, logic blocks, present in the design as o...

In this paper, we introduce a general theory of corner rings in noncommutative rings that generalizes the classical notion of Peirce decompositions with respect to idempotents. Two basic types of corners are the Peirce corners eRe (e2 = e) and the unital corners (corners containing the identity of R). A general corner is both a unital corner of a Peirce corner, and a Peirce corner of a unital c...

A bstract We consider limits of $$ \mathcal{N} N = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory that approach BPS bounds and for which an SU(1,1) structure is preserved. The resulting near-BPS theories become non-relativistic, with a U(1) symmetry emerging in the limit implies conservation particle number. They are obtain...

The aim of the present study is to compare the needs proposed by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) and the suicide as psychache (SAP) theory in their ability to predict lethal suicidal behavior. Utilizing a sample of 38 suicide notes from both fatal and non-fatal suicides, graduate student raters examined the presence of the thwarted needs proposed by both theories. None ...

A popular technique for rendition of isosurfaces in sampled data is to consider cells with sample points as corners and approximate the isosurface in each cell by one or more polygons whose vertices are obtained by interpolation of the sample data. That is, each polygon vertex is a point on a cell edge, between two adjacent sample points, where the function is estimated to equal the desired thr...

Edward K. Hall*, Gabriel A. Singer , Martin J. Kainz and Jay T. Lennon W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 East Gull Lake Drive, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060, USA; Department of Limnology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystems Research WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-32...