Cold atom fountain clocks provide exceptional long term stability as they increase interrogation time at the expense of a larger size. We present compact cold using grating magneto-optical trap to laser cool and launch atoms in simplified optical setup. The is evaluated coherent population trapping demonstrates improved single-shot from launch. Ramsey times up 100 ms were measured with correspo...

This dissertation focuses on fountain codes under maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. Fountain codes are a class of erasure correcting codes that can generate an endless amount of coded symbols and were conceived to deliver data files over data networks to a potentially large population of users. First Luby transform (LT) codes are considered, which represent the first class of practical fountain...

The adaptive humoral immune system of vertebrates functions by evolving a huge repertoire of binding proteins, which target potentially all molecules that come into contact with developing B cells. The key to endowing these binders with immunological activity is the adjustment of antibody structure and affinity against molecular targets. As a result, antibodies with a wide range of affinities a...