Due to limited energy resources, high energy demand and constrict emission norms led the researchers to find alternative fuel for IC engines. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the development of alternative fuel technologies has drawn more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel. Many alternative fuels have been developed and commercialized like alcohols, biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. pyro...

A coupled climate and carbon (CO2) cycle model is used to investigate the global climate and carbon cycle changes out to the year 2300 that would occur if CO2 emissions from all the currently estimated fossil fuel resources were released to the atmosphere. By the year 2300, the global climate warms by about 8 K and atmospheric CO2 reaches 1423 ppmv. The warming is higher than anticipated becaus...

The Antarctic Ice Sheet stores water equivalent to 58 m in global sea-level rise. We show in simulations using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model that burning the currently attainable fossil fuel resources is sufficient to eliminate the ice sheet. With cumulative fossil fuel emissions of 10,000 gigatonnes of carbon (GtC), Antarctica is projected to become almost ice-free with an average contribution ...

This article analyzes global climate policy as the problem of transforming governance of the atmosphere from an open-access into a global commons regime. This involves several challenges. First, setting an atmospheric stabilization goal requires balancing risks of climate change and risks of mitigation. Second, limiting the atmospheric disposal space for carbon devalues fossil resources and cre...

Out of various no edible oil resources, jatropha curcas oil is considered as a promising alternate fuel for CI engines. The present study describes the process used for production of degummed jatropha oil (DGJO) and jatropha methyl ester (JBD) The important fuel properties of DGJO and JBD were determined and compared with fossil diesel and jatropha oil. The degumming and trans esterification pr...

We present a new model for extinction in which species evolve in bursts oràvalanches', during which they become on average more susceptible to environmental stresses such as harsh climates and so are more easily rendered extinct. Results of simulations and analytic calculations using our model show a power-law distribution of extinction sizes which is in reasonable agreement with fossil data. W...

Offsetting cities’ dependence on fossil fuels is one of the key factors for meeting the environmental targets set out by the European Commission (EC) by 2020 [3]. The penetration of small-scale renewable resources in domestic households (photovoltaic panels and micro wind mills) empowers dwellings to collectively reduce their carbon footprint. Incentivizing the injection and trade of locally-pr...

Elasticity of interfuel substitution between renewable and non-renewable energy is a key to establish effective climate change policy.This is the first study estimating the elasticity of substitution between different fossil fuels and renewable resources. We use twelve manufacturing industry level data for the OECD countries over 1995 to 2009. We find complementally relationship from non-renewa...

We assume a monopolistic market for a non-durable non-renewable resource such as crude oil, phosphates or fossil water. Stating the problem of obtaining optimal policies on extraction and pricing of the resource as a non-linear program allows general conclusions to be drawn under diverse assumptions about the demand curve, discount rates and length of the planning horizon. We compare the result...

Modern agriculture is an extremely energy intensive process. However high agricultural productivities and subsequently the growth of green revolution has been made possible only by large amount of energy inputs, especially those from fossil fuels. With recent price rise and scarcity of these fuels there has been a trend towards use of alternative energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal etc....