President Obama faces an old challenge of creating a national energy policy. That policy will be designed with multiple objectives in mind. After a year of record oil prices that added to U.S. economic troubles, some want an energy policy that will maintain lower energy prices. With nearly 150,000 troops still in Iraq and tensions raised with Russia over the Georgian invasion, some want an ener...

After a four-year period during which crude oil was trading at an average of $115/bl (Baffes et al, 2015), prices started to plummet in June 2014, raising immediate concerns about the resilience of energy transition processes. At that time, some argued that the expansion of clean energy solutions would not be derailed, referring inter alia to the cyclical nature of oil prices; because a swift r...

We study changes in fossil fuel and non-fossil energy use and carbon dioxide emissions induced by carbon taxes. We develop a partial energy equilibrium model with capital and labor as production factors, and endogenous technological change through learning by doing and learning through research, distinguishing between private and public innovations. Our model reproduces the learning curves typi...

Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuel combustion, thereby also reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. However, subsidies are needed to make agricultural biofuel production economically feasible. To explore the economic potential of biofuels in a greenhouse gas mitigation market, we incorporate data on production and biofuel processing for the designated energy crops—switchgrass, hybrid poplar,...

Energy and environmental issues are among the major concerns facing the global community today. Transportation fuel represents a large proportion of energy consumption, not only in the US, but also worldwide. As fossil fuel is being depleted, new substitutes are needed to provide energy. Ethanol, which has been produced mainly from the fermentation of corn starch in the US, has been regarded as...

Due to limited energy resources, high energy demand and constrict emission norms led the researchers to find alternative fuel for IC engines. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the development of alternative fuel technologies has drawn more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel. Many alternative fuels have been developed and commercialized like alcohols, biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. pyro...

This synthesis discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. While much is known about these emissions, there is still much that is unknown about the details surrounding these emissions. This synthesis explores our knowledge of these emissions in terms of why there is concern about them; how they are calculated; the major global efforts on inventor...

In calling for a switch of fossil fuel subsidies to funding of universal health coverage, Vinay Gupta and colleagues (June, 2015) miss two health-relevant issues: all fossil fuels are not the same and all subsidies are not the same. Liquefi ed petroleum gas (LPG) has major, direct health advantages in household cooking in countries of low and middle income, its primary use. Indeed, the Global B...

Biodegradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of creosote by undefined bacterial cultures was shown to be accompanied by the accumulation of neutral and acidic oxidation products. Formation of a number of identified neutral products is accounted for by demonstration of anomalous actions of an arene dioxygenase on the benzylic methylene and methylene carbons of napthenoaromatic hydrocar...