Foreign exchange reserves are savings owned by the state for international trade transactions, maintaining monetary stability and paying foreign debts. The purpose of this study to determine effect exports, imports, GDP rates on Indonesia's in 1990-2019. This uses ECM model which includes stationarity test, cointegration long-term short-term F t coefficient determination test ( ) classical assu...

Marine reserves represent an emerging management tool, and are a challenge to the application of basic marine ecology to applied problems. Although some aspects of reserve science are extensively researched, new information on reserves is badly needed in at least two major areas 1) the impact that reserves have on the ecosystems in which they are imbedded, and 2) the way we can use complex ecol...

Marine reserves are quickly gaining popularity as a management option for marine conservation, fisheries, and other human uses of the oceans. Despite the popularity of marine reserves as a management tool, few reserves appear to have been created or designed with an understanding of how reserves affect biological factors or how reserves can be designed to meet biological goals more effectively ...